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The
Scottish
Naturalist
THE NATURAL
HISTORY MUSEUM
<3 1995
PRESENTED
GENERAL LIBRARY
Volume 107 1995
Part One
Annual Subscription £ 35.00
A Journal of Scottish Natural History
THE SCOTTISH NATURALIST
Founded 1871
A Journal of Scottish Natural History
Editorial Committee:
J.A. Gibson
John Hamilton
John C. Smyth
A. Rodger Waterston
THE SCOTTISH NATURAL HISTORY LIBRARY
Foremount House, Kilbarchan, Renfrewshire PA10 2EZ
The Scottish Naturalist, now published by the Scottish Natural History
Library, is an independent journal primarily devoted to the study of Scottish
natural history. It was founded in 1871 by Dr. F. Buchanan White, of
Perthshire, and in 1988 completed one hundred years of publication. For a
summary of the record of publication, see the inside back cover.
Although the journal's main interests have always centred on the history and
distribution of Scottish fauna and flora, it is prepared to publish contributions
on the many aspects of Scottish natural science embraced by its title, including
Zoology, Botany, Geology, History, Geography, Medicine and the allied
sciences, Archaeology, and the Environment.
All papers and notes for publication, or books for review, should be sent to
the Editors at the Scottish Natural History Library, Foremount House,
Kilbarchan, Renfrewshire PA10 2EZ.
Contributions should be clearly written; whenever possible they should be
typed, double-spaced, on one side of the paper, with adequate margins, and
should try to conform to the general style and arrangement of papers and notes
in the current number of the journal. Maps, diagrams and graphs should be
drawn in black ink on white unlined paper. Photographs should be on glossy
paper. Proofs of all contributions will be sent to authors and should be
returned without delay.
Authors of papers, but not of short notes, will receive thirty reprints in
covers free of charge. Additional reprints may be ordered, at cost, when the
proofs are returned.
The Scottish Naturalist is usually published three times a year. The
standard annual subscription is £35.00, which should be sent to the Editors at
the Library address. Members of recognised natural history organisations,
however, can receive the Scottish Naturalist at a greatly reduced subscription;
for details apply to the Editors.
THE SCOTTISH NATURALIST
Founded 1 871
A Journal of Scottish Natural History
With which is incorporated The Annals of Scottish Natural History
and The Western Naturalist
107th Year 1995
CONTENTS
1995 - Part 1
The New Statistical Account of Scotland, 1834-45:
Correct Publication Dates of the Parish Accounts
By Dr. J A. Gibson 3-52
The Marine Fauna of the St. Kilda Archipelago
By Mr. J.R. Ellis, Mr. P S. Cadman, Dr. S B. Piertney and
Mr. D.L. Geiger 53-70
Increase of the Lesser Rorqual in the Clyde Faunal Area
By Dr. J.A. Gibson 71-73
Notes on the Bumble-bees of the Cumbrae Islands
By Dr. J.A. Gibson 75-81
Published by The Scottish Natural History Library
EDITORS
J.A. Gibson
John Hamilton
John C. Smyth
A. Rodger Waterston
All items for publication should be sent to the Editors at
The Scottish Natural History Library
Foremount House, Kilbarchan, Renfrewshire PA10 2EZ
ISSN 0268-3385
Published by
THE SCOTTISH NATURAL HISTORY LIBRARY
1995
New Statistical Account: Correct Publication Dates
3
THE NEW STATISTICAL ACCOUNT OF SCOTLAND, 1834-45:
CORRECT PUBLICATION DATES OF THE PARISH ACCOUNTS
By J.A. GIBSON
Representative for Scotland,
Society for the History of Natural History
Introduction
There have been three Statistical Accounts of Scotland; the first, called the
Statistical Account of Scotland, of the 1790s (frequently, although somewhat
incorrectly, referred to as the [Old] Statistical Account ); the second, called the
New Statistical Account of Scotland, from 1834 to 1845; and the Third
Statistical Account of Scotland, from 1951 to 1992, just completed after over
forty years in progress.
These three Statistical Accounts provide us with a unique series of reference
works for research into so many aspects of our country's historical past and
development. To the best of my knowledge, nothing quite like them exists for any
other country in the world, and taken together they provide a matchless
comparable record of all aspects of Scotland and Scottish life over the past two
centuries.
Correct dating is vital for all historical research, but is particularly so for
investigations into natural science, where questions of priority can arise. There is
no difficulty in dating items in the original Statistical Account, or the Third
Statistical Account, but dating of the New Statistical Account has frequently
become confused, because of the various forms in which the New Statistical
Account was made available to the public. This is particularly unfortunate, since it
is the New Statistical Account which contains far and away the most important
natural history information. These historical bibliographical notes are therefore
offered in the hope that they may redress any previous errors and ensure that future
references to natural history material in the New Statistical Account are correctly
dated.
THE STATISTICAL ACCOUNT
The original Statistical Account of the 1790s was a remarkable production,
the brain-child of an inspired Sir John Sinclair, who did something very simple, but
like so many strokes of genius this very simple thing had never been done before.
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Vol. 107
Pioneer Survey
Sir John asked all the local parish ministers throughout Scotland to provide him
with information on as many aspects of their respective parishes as possible, and
then he published the results. This, however, was no easy task. Sir John
commenced the work in May 1790 by sending every parish minister a Query,
which asked three pages of questions "laid down for drawing up the Statistical
Account of their respective Parishes". Many ministers replied very quickly, but
several subsequent Queries had to be sent "to the deficient Clergy", and Sir John
had to overcome many delays and difficulties, including initial suspicion and even
hostility. In fact, during the first two years of the survey he wrote "many
thousand" letters.
Original Aim
On the publication of the first volume, Sir John wrote, on 25th May 1791, that
his "original idea was, to have drawn up from their returns a general Statistical
view of North Britain, without any particular reference to Parochial districts. But I
found such merit and ability, and so many useful facts and important observations
in the answers which were sent me, that I could not think of depriving the Clergy
of the credit they were entitled to derive from such laborious exertions; and I was
thence induced to give the Work to the Public in its present shape".
Because of the very pioneer nature of the survey, Sir John just had to present
what was provided by each minister, edited as closely as possible into a uniform
format, so apart from the basic ecclesiastical and social descriptions of each parish,
these parish accounts varied enormously, depending on the particular knowledge
and interests of each minister, which was perfectly understandable.
Statistical
Sir John defined Statistical as "an inquiry into the state of a country, for the
purpose of ascertaining the quantum of happiness enjoyed by its inhabitants, and
the means of its future improvement", and the name remained in use over the next
two hundred years.
Format
The first Statistical Account was published in twenty-one volumes (originally
in stiffened paper or cardboard light-blue covers with paper, partly handwritten,
spine-labels) between 1791 and 1799. Each volume, containing approximately
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New Statistical Account: Correct Publication Dates
5
550-650 pages, was published as soon as sufficient material had arrived to fill a
volume.
"It would have been more desirable to have had the accounts of the
different Parishes arranged by Presbyteries or Counties, for the purpose of
connexion, and to prevent repetition, where the circumstances of the
different districts were nearly similar. But it was not to be expected that
complete information respecting any one of the larger divisions of the
Kingdom, could at once be obtained".
The various parish accounts were therefore issued more or less just in the order
in which they were received, with no attempt made to collect the parishes into
counties.
Eventually, "on the 1 st day of January 1 798, or seven years, seven months, and
seven days, from the commencement of the attempt". Sir John was able to
announce proudly that every parish in Scotland had been covered "without a single
one being omitted", and the final two volumes contained additions and corrections,
an index to all parishes, and surprisingly comprehensive indexes to all subjects.
Collectively, these twenty-one volumes give us a wonderful picture of all parts of
our country at the end of the 1 8th century, with information ranging widely over
many different fields.
Agriculture
Progress in agricultural developments and animal husbandry in Scotland had
received great impetus at the end of the 18th century, as witness the series of
volumes, each on a General View of the Agriculture of most of the Scottish
counties, "drawn up for the consideration of the Board of Agriculture and Internal
Improvement" during the 1790s. These volumes clearly stimulated interest in
agriculture and related subjects, particularly in the rural (by far the majority)
parishes of Scotland. It is therefore not surprising that many parish accounts in the
first Statistical Account made reference to agricultural activities, game
preservation or, where appropriate in coastal parishes, local fishing industries.
These contributions are sometimes of importance.
Natural History
With regard to natural history per se, however, the majority of parishes gave no
separate natural history notes of any real consequence, although some did provide
important information, for which it is always well worth searching, and the
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Vol. 107
occasional parish gave simply outstanding natural history notes for the period, e g.
Luss, which have remained of considerable historical value even up to the present
day.
THE THIRD STATISTICAL ACCOUNT
Publication of the Third Statistical Account commenced in 1951, published
firstly by Messrs Oliver and Boyd, then by Collins, followed by the Scottish
Council for Social Science, and eventually the Scottish Academic Press. The
individual county volumes were issued at very irregular intervals, and not in
sequence according to the volume numbering, as each of the publishers gave up for
various reasons and others took their place. All told, however, thirty-one county
volumes were published, between 1951 and 1992, which completed the series as
originally planned and announced. This was a considerable achievement, in the
face of the various publishing difficulties, but it is very unfortunate that publication
of the entire series took over forty years, thus precluding uniformity.
Format
For those interested in the best traditions of Scottish book publishing, and who
appreciate the desirability and importance of long series of historical and scientific
books and journals appearing in uniform size, it is also heartening to be able to
report that prompt action was taken to ensure that all remaining volumes in the
Third Statistical Account continued to be published in the correct size, i.e. the
uniform size which has applied to all volumes of the three Statistical Accounts
since the start, and that there was no repetition of the simply appalling set of
circumstances which led to three volumes being issued in a format a full quarter of
an inch smaller than the 150 parts and volumes published over the past two
hundred years.
Natural History
The Third Statistical Account (or at least a good many of the volumes) had
most of the proffered natural history notes edited out of the parish accounts
because of lack of space (although some of these natural history accounts were
later issued separately). This was possibly understandable, since compared to the
pioneer days of the New Statistical Account a century previously, fairly detailed
accounts of local natural history were now available for many parts of Scotland.
Unfortunately, however, any natural history notes which remain in the Third
Statistical Account are of extremely variable quality. Some are excellent
summaries, but others are quite inadequate or even blatantly inaccurate, apparently
1995
New Statistical Account: Correct Publication Dates
7
because of lack of knowledge or proper background research. In general,
therefore, it is wiser to ignore completely all natural history in the Third Statistical
Account.
It can therefore be seen that, with a few notable exceptions, the Statistical
Account and Third Statistical Account (for quite different reasons) should not
largely concern the research worker in Scottish natural science. The New
Statistical Account of 1834-1845, however, is a very different matter indeed.
THE NEW STATISTICAL ACCOUNT
Following on the highly successful publication of the orginal Statistical
Account, some thirty years later it was decided to repeat the exercise. This was
sponsored by the Society instituted in Scotland for the Benefit of the Sons and
Daughters of the Clergy. "The profits, as well as the property, of the former
Account were generously assigned to this Society by Sir John Sinclair". The
Society appointed a Superintending Committee to oversee the undertaking, which
ultimately resulted in a new edition of the original Statistical Account called the
New Statistical Account of Scotland, issued in parts from 1834 to 1845.
In general terms this followed the pattern originated by Sir John Sinclair, but
there were some significant differences.
Format
From the start, the clear aim was eventually to issue the New Statistical
Account in a series of county volumes, and towards this end the individual parish
accounts were given separate page numberings which were continued throughout
each county. The various parish accounts were again published more or less in the
order in which they were received (with some exceptions), but page numbers were
kept separate for each county, for subsequent collation. Thus the original
published quarterly parts might contain several parish accounts, each with separate
pagination, and not, as in the original Statistical Account volumes, continuous
pagination regardless of contents. This 'county' pagination was retained unchanged
throughout all three formats of the New Statistical Account.
Again, as in the Statistical Account, virtually all the basic parish accounts
were written, or edited, by the parish ministers, but this time there were also fairly
frequent contributions by, or references to assistance from, the local doctors,
schoolmasters, or landowners, who possessed specialised knowledge. To some
extent this was the result of the fairly detailed questionnaire distributed to all the
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Vol. 107
parish ministers by the Superintending Committee, in an attempt to achieve a high
degree of uniformity, with a request that parish accounts in the New Statistical
Account should follow certain standard lines. As with the original Statistical
Account, however, not all ministers were able to adhere to this.
Natural History
From the point of view of natural history, however, there was a very important
difference. Interest in agriculture had been stimulated by the publication of the
series of Agricultural Surveys in the 1 790s, and a second series issued more or less
during the first decade of the 1800s further stimulated this interest. Almost
certainly as a follow-on from this, by the 1830s- 1840s natural history was rapidly
emerging as a subject of considerable interest in its own right. The first-ever
natural history society to be established anywhere in the world, the Royal Physical
Society of Edinburgh, was founded in 1771, and before 1850 at least four local
Scottish natural history societies, happily still in existence today, had also been
established - Berwickshire (1831), Moray (1836), Orkney (1837), and
Renfrewshire (1847). Other local natural history societies, also still in existence,
soon followed. It is significant that a request for natural history information was
one of the items specifically included in the leaflet circulated to the ministers by the
Superintending Committee.
When the time came to prepare the parish accounts for the New Statistical
Account , therefore, a substantial number of the parish ministers, sometimes with
other local skilled assistance (as above), were able to provide accounts of local
natural history which were sometimes remarkably knowledgeable for the time and
represented genuine pioneer recording work of high quality. It is not too much to
say that, for many parts of our country, the first significant account of the natural
history of the area appeared in the New Statistical Account , and any subsequent
work which did not go back to consult the New Statistical Account would be
substantially deficient or under- researched. It is therefore clearly very important to
establish the precise dates of publication.
Dating Problems
Unfortunately, as mentioned earlier, this has frequently caused difficulties and
confusion in the past, because of the various forms in which the New Statistical
Account was made available, and dating has so often been incorrectly quoted.
The New Statistical Account was published in three formats:
1. First Edition:
- 52 quarterly parts, from 1834 to 1845.
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New Statistical Account: Correct Publication Dates
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2. First Reissue:
- 33 separate county volumes, from 1841 to 1845.
3. Second Reissue:
- 15 collected county volumes, in 1845.
The page numbers allocated to the various parishes in the original 52 parts
remained unchanged throughout all three formats, so there is no problem with
pagination, but the original publication dates of the parish accounts can be up to
ten years earlier than the dates of the later reissues, so it is important to consider
each of the three formats in detail.
The Scottish Natural History Library is fortunate in possessing complete sets of
all three formats of the New Statistical Account in their original state.
N.S.A. First Edition; 52 separate parts, 1834 to 1845
The original publication of the New Statistical Account was in the form of 52
separate parts, issued more or less quarterly between March 1834 and October
1845. The parts were buff-coloured paper-back, each containing some 250 pages,
with the final part more than double this size, since it also included the Report of
the Superintending Committee, Alphabetical List of Parishes, General Index, and
Title-Pages &c.
Each part usually contained sections of several counties, with each county
section including the accounts of several parishes, numbered consecutively within
each county section with a view to ultimate collection into county volumes. This
pagination remained unchanged throughout the two subsequent versions.
Each parish account gave the date of writing, plus the date of any later revision,
and these, too, remained unchanged throughout the subsequent reissues. This
dating is interesting, but only the date of actual publication is conclusive for future
reference work, and these publication dates (month and year) are given on the
front cover (and spine) of each of the 52 original parts.
To the best of my knowledge, these actual publication dates appeared only on
the original 52 parts, and were not repeated anywhere in the later reissued
versions, although the dates of writing or revision were retained. To obtain the
correct dates of publication, therefore, reference must be made to the original 52
paper-back parts.
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The first of these parts, published in March 1834, commenced with a seven-
page Advertisement, setting out what the Superintending Committee hoped to
achieve, and with remarkable perception they stated that they "do not hesitate to
announce, that they now present not merely a new Statistical Account, but, in a
great measure, the Statistical Account of a new country". Unfortunately, this
initial Advertisement was not included in any of the later county volumes nor in the
final 15-volume collected set issued by the Society.
The last of the original 52 parts, published in October 1 845, contained a five-
page final Report of the Superintending Committee (dated May 1845 and also
found, along with the Alphabetical List of Parishes, at the commencement of
Volume One of the 1845 15-volume collected set), and from this it is clear that the
ultimate aim was eventually to reissue the complete New Statistical Account in
two other versions - 33 separate county volumes and a set of 15 collected volumes:
"The completion of the work, which is now at hand, furnishes another
occasion to the Committee of respectfully bringing the subject under the
notice of the Assembly. The first Number was published in March 1834; the
last Number is now at press, and will appear in the course of a few weeks.
The work is comprised in 52 Numbers, which were issued regularly at
stated times of publication. The whole, with the Accounts of the different
parishes brought under their respective Counties, will be bound in 15
volumes. At the same time, the collected Accounts of each of the Counties
will be published in separate volumes, - an arrangement for which the great
extent of the undertaking had made it necessary to provide from the
commencement".
Unfortunately, taken at its face value the above Report is quite wrong, if by
"Accounts of each of the Counties will he published in separate volumes" is
implied about to be published , since 29 out of the 33 separate county volumes had
already been published during the previous four years, 1841 to 1844 (see later).
Possibly, however, simply imprecise writing of the Report was involved. It is a
great pity that the Report did not go on to include the precise publication dates of
the parish accounts, but presumably in those days this was not considered to be
important.
The original publication dates, with the lists of contents of each part, taken
from the Scottish Natural History Library's original set, are set out in Table 1 , and
Figure 1 illustrates the front cover of one of the original parts.
1995
/Vew Statistical Account: Correct Publication Dates
1 1
THE NEW
STATISTICAL ACCOUNT
OF
SCOTLAND,
No. XIV.
CONTAINING PART OF THE COUNTY OF RENFREW, AND
PART OF THE COUNTY OF ROXBURGH, WITH MAP OF
SUTHERLAND.
PUBLISHED IN MAY
1837.
WILLIAM BLACKWOOD & SONS, EDINBURGH; AND
THOMAS CADELL, LONDON.
PRICE SIX SHILLINGS.
Figure 1
New Statistical Account; First Edition
Front cover of original part No. 14, May 1837
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The Scottish Naturalist
Vol. 107
Table 1
PUBLICATION DATES AND CONTENTS OF THE ORIGINAL PARTS
Note: In the original 52 parts the names of the counties, with the spelling and
conventions in use during the 1830s- 1840s, were given in full in the running-titles
at the top of each left-hand page; these were also the names used on the title-pages
of the later individual county volumes. On the front covers of the 52 parts,
however, the county names were usually shortened by the omission of '-shire'. In
the following list the full county names, as given in the running-titles and on the
title-pages of the county volumes, are used throughout.
For each part, the number of the part and the date of original publication are
given in bold type.
1. No. I. March 1834.
Forfarshire, part.
Selkirkshire, complete.
Selkirkshire, map.
2 No. n. May 1834.
Dumfries-shire, part.
Dumfries-shire, map.
3. No. III. August 1834.
Peebles-shire, complete.
Peebles-shire, map.
Lanarkshire, part.
4. No. IV. November 1834.
Sutherlandshire, part.
Berwickshire, part.
Berwickshire, map.
5. No. V. February 1835
Roxburghshire, part
Roxburghshire, map.
Forfarshire, part.
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New Statistical Account: Correct Publication Dates
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6 No. VI. May 1835.
Inverness-shire, part.
Inverness-shire, map.
Berwickshire, conclusion.
7. No. VII. August 1835.
Lanarkshire, part.
Lanarkshire, map.
8. No. VIII. November 1835
Elginshire, part.
Haddingtonshire, part.
Haddingtonshire, map.
9. No. IX. February 1836.
Dumfries-shire, part
Inverness-shire, part.
Elginshire and Nairnshire, map.
10 No. X. May 1836.
Renfrewshire, part.
Renfrewshire, map.
Fifeshire, part.
11. No. XI. August 1836
Banffshire, part.
Banffshire, map.
Lanarkshire, part.
12. No. XII. November 1836.
Ross and Cromarty, part.
Ross and Cromarty, map.
Forfarshire, part.
13. No. XIII. February 1837.
Haddingtonshire, part.
Fifeshire, part.
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The Scottish Naturalist
Vol. 107
Fifeshire and Kinross-shire, map.
14 No. XIV. May 1837
Renfrewshire, part.
Roxburghshire, part.
Sutherlandshire, map.
15. No. XV. August 1837.
Perthshire, part.
Perthshire, map.
Clackmannanshire, map.
16. No. XVI. November 1837.
Ayrshire, part.
Ayrshire, map.
17 No. XVII. February 1838.
Fifeshire, part.
Ayrshire, part.
Forfarshire, map.
18 No. XVIII. May 1838.
Kincardineshire, part.
Kincardineshire, map.
Dumfries-shire, conclusion.
19. No. XIX. August 1838.
Perthshire, part.
Wigtonshire, map.
20 No. XX. November 1838
Fifeshire, part.
Roxburghshire, part.
Stirlingshire, map.
21. No. XXI. February 1839
Wigtonshire, complete.
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New Statistical Account: Correct Publication Dates
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Ross and Cromarty, part.
Edinburghshire, map.
22 No. XXII. May 1839
Kinross-shire, complete.
Haddingtonshire, conclusion.
Ayrshire, part.
Buteshire, map.
23. No. XXIII. August 1839.
Dumbartonshire, part.
Dumbartonshire, map.
Perthshire, part.
24 No. XXIV. November 1839.
Edinburghshire, part.
Roxburghshire, conclusion.
Orkney Islands, map.
25 No. XXV. February 1840.
Aberdeenshire, part.
Aberdeenshire, map.
26 No. XXVI. May 1840.
Lanarkshire, part.
Argyleshire, map.
27 No. XXVII. August 1840.
Buteshire, complete.
Ross and Cromarty, part.
Dumbartonshire, conclusion.
Linlithgowshire, map.
28 No. XXVIII. November 1840.
Aberdeenshire, part.
Edinburghshire, part.
Caithness-shire, map.
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The Scottish Naturalist
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29 No. XXIX. January 1841.
Lanarkshire, conclusion.
Ross and Cromarty, conclusion.
Fifeshire, part.
30 No. XXX. April 1841.
Caithness-shire, complete.
Sutherlandshire, conclusion.
Shetland Islands, map.
31 No. XXXI. May 1841.
Inverness-shire, part.
Ayrshire, part.
32 No. XXXII. July 1841
Stirlingshire, part.
33 No. XXXIII. September 1841.
Shetland, complete.
Renfrewshire, part.
34 No. XXXIV. November 1841.
Stirlingshire, conclusion.
Orkney, part.
Kirkcudbrightshire, map
35 No. XXXV. January 1842.
Clackmannanshire, complete.
Renfrewshire, conclusion.
Orkney, conclusion.
Western Isles, map.
36 No. XXXVI. March 1842.
Inverness-shire, conclusion.
Elginshire, conclusion.
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New Statistical Account: Correct Publication Dates
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37 No. XXXVII. May 1842
Ayrshire, conclusion.
Nairnshire, complete.
Renfrewshire, conclusion.
38 No. XXXVIII. July 1842.
Banffshire, conclusion.
Aberdeenshire, part.
39. No. XXXIX. September 1842.
Aberdeenshire, part.
40. No. XL November 1842.
Kincardineshire, conclusion.
Forfarshire, part.
41. No. XLI. January 1843.
Perthshire, part.
42 No. XLII. March 1843.
Aberdeenshire, conclusion.
43 No. XLIII. May 1843.
Aberdeenshire, appendix.
Forfarshire, conclusion.
Perthshire, part.
44 No. XLIV. July 1843.
Linlithgowshire, complete.
Perthshire, part.
45 No. XLV. September 1843
Argyleshire, part.
46. No. XLVI. November 1843.
Edinburghshire, part.
Argyleshire, part.
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The Scottish Naturalist
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47 No. XL VII. January 1844.
Perthshire, conclusion.
Fifeshire, part.
48 No. XL VIII. March 1844.
Kirkcudbrightshire, part.
Argyleshire, part.
49 No. XLIX. June 1844.
Kirkcudbrightshire, part.
Argyleshire, part.
Edinburghshire, part.
50. No. L. December 1844.
Kirkcudbrightshire, conclusion.
Argyleshire, conclusion.
Fifeshire, part.
Edinburghshire, part.
51 No. LI. August 1845.
Fifeshire, conclusion.
52 No. LII. October 1845.
Map of Scotland.
Edinburghshire, conclusion.
Report of Superintending Committee.
Alphabetical List of Parishes.
General Index.
Title-Pages &c.
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New Statistical Account: Correct Publication Dates
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N.S.A. First Reissue; 33 county volumes, 1841 to 1845
By the end of 1841, sixteen counties had been completed in the paper-back
parts, and in that year fifteen of these separate county volumes were published
simultaneously, with the remaining eighteen county volumes being published from
1842 to 1845 as the concluding parish accounts for each county appeared. In
total, thirty-three individual county volumes were published between 1841 and
1845.
The volumes were all bound in uniform green cloth, with paper printed spine-
labels; for the very thin volumes, the spine-labels were instead pasted on the front
cover, with the spine left blank. All thirty-three volumes were un-numbered.
An interesting observation is that each spine-label was marked New Statistical
Account of Scotland, with the county name below, but the actual title-page of
each volume was marked The Statistical Account of [name of county], with the
word New omitted. Figure 2 shows the title-page of the Renfrewshire volume.
Each title-page bears the year of issue of the particular county volume, from
1841 to 1845, but nowhere in this first reissued series do the original dates of
publication of the parish accounts appear, although in every county volume a list is
given showing the volume and pagination of each parish account in the original
Statistical Account. Each volume also contains a map of the county.
Clearly the dates of original publication could also have been added perfectly
easily, and it is extremely unfortunate that they were omitted, but, as already
indicated, at that time presumably the actual publication dates were simply not
considered to be sufficiently important.
N.S.A. Second Reissue; 15 collected county volumes, 1845
Later in 1845, all thirty-three counties were gathered together and republished
as a 15-volume collected set, as previously announced in the Report of the
Superintending Committee (see above). Most volumes in this set covered several
counties, but there were single volumes for the larger counties of Edinburgh,
Lanark, Perth and Aberdeen.
The volumes were again bound in green cloth, uniform with the first reissue,
with paper printed spine-labels. They were numbered volumes 1-15 (in Roman
numerals), each volume bore the date 1845 on its title-page, but this time both the
spine-label and the title-page bore the name New Statistical Account. Figure 3
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The Scottish Naturalist
Vol. 107
THE
STATISTICAL ACCOUNT
RENFREWSHIRE.
THE MINISTERS OF THE RESPECTIVE PARISHES,
UNDER THE SUPERINTENDENCE OF
A COMMITTEE OF THE SOCIETY FOR TIIE BENEFIT OF
THE SONS AND DAUGHTERS OF THE CLERGY.
WILLIAM BLACKWOOD AND SONS, EDINBURGH,
AND 22, PALL MALL, LONDON.
MDCCCXLII.
Figure 2
N.S.A. First Reissue; County Volumes
Title-page from Renfrewshire volume
(1842)
1995
New Statistical Account: Correct Publication Dates
21
THE NEW
STATISTICAL ACCOUNT
OF
SCOTLAND.
UY
TIIK MINISTERS OF TI1E RESPECTIVE PARISHES, UNDER THE
SUPERINTENDENCE OF A COMMITTEE OF THE SOCIETY
FOR THE BENEFIT OF THE SONS AND
DAUGHTERS OF THE CLERGY.
YOL. Y 1 1.
It RNOEW-ARG YLE.
WILLIAM BLACK WrOOD AND SONS,
EDINBURGH AND LONDON.
MDCCCXLV.
Figure 3
N.S.A. Second Reissue; Collected Volumes
Title-page from Volume 7 (Renfrew-Argyle)
(1845)
22
The Scottish Naturalist
Vol. 107
shows the title-page of Volume 7 (Renfrew- Argyle). Again, nowhere in these
volumes do the original dates of publication appear, and the lists of parishes
referring back to the original Statistical Account, which appeared in each of the
individual county volumes of the first reissue, were also omitted.
This collected county set of 1845 is far and away the commonest set of the
New Statistical Account which is usually found. Indeed a recent survey showed
that it is virtually the only version readily available for consultation in any major
Scottish library, and since there is nothing in this 1845 version to indicate that it is
simply a reissue, of an edition originally published in parts at a much earlier date, it
is only too easy, unless one is knowledgeable about the history of Scottish natural
science books and journals, to fall into the trap of assuming that all natural history
in the New Statistical Account dates from 1845.
This is particularly unfortunate, and indeed, from tactful enquiries made over
several years, it became very clear that many people (even some quite experienced
in natural history work and who appreciated the importance of the New Statistical
Account) were under the impression that the 1845 version was the only version,
and were quite unaware that anything earlier existed.
This is possibly understandable. Nevertheless, the fact remains that some of
the parish accounts were actually published up to ten years earlier than 1845, and
deserve priority where this matters. There is no harm in referring to the 1845
reissued set in any list of references, provided one also makes the true date of
publication clear in the actual text, but I have seldom seen this done.
Rarity of N.S.A. First Edition
There is no doubt that complete sets of the original 52-part edition of the New
Statistical Account are now distinctly rare, and since the original publication
dates are not repeated in the reissued versions, it is perhaps excusable that so many
later research workers in Scottish natural history got the dates so wrong.
It therefore seems well worth while to set out the correct publication dates in
precise detail, in an attempt to set the record straight for the future. These dates
are given in Table 2, with some preliminary words of explanation
1995
New Statistical Account: Correct Publication Dates
23
Table 2
ORIGINAL PUBLICATION DATES OF THE INDIVIDUAL PARISHES
For each county section the following notes apply:
Heading: For each county the precise name, and spelling, is given exactly as it
appears in the first edition of the New Statistical Account and on the title-page of
the later individual county volume, with no attempt made to bring this up-to-date
as in later usage. The dates given in square brackets after the name of the county
are the years of the later reissues, firstly as individual and secondly as collected
county volumes.
First column: The names of the individual parishes are again given precisely as
they appear in the first edition, with no attempt at up-dating, even although the
names of some parishes had changed slightly even by the time of the 1845 collected
version.
Second column: The dates of original writing are given, with the dates of any later
revision in italics. In the few cases where no date of writing is given, this is stated.
Third column: This gives the number of the part, in the 52-part first edition, where
the account of the parish was first published.
Fourth column: This gives the month and year of first publication, taken from the
front cover of the relevant part.
The important information, i.e. the name of the parish, the number of the
original part, and the year of first publication, are given in bold type.
ABERDEENSHIRE [1843, 1845]
Aberdeen
December 1839
25
February
1840
Aberdour
1835; January 1840
25
February
1840
Aboyne and Glentanner
December 1842
42
March
1843
Alford
November 1840
38
July
1842
Auchindoir and Kearn
October 1840
28
November
1840
Auchterless
January 1840
25
February
1840
Belhelvie
January 1840
25
February
1840
Birse
July 1842
39
September
1842
Vol. 107
24
Bourtrie
Cairnie
Chapel of Garioch
Clatt
Cluny
Coull
Crathie and Braemar
Crimond
Cruden
Culsalmond
Daviot
Drumblade
Drumoak
Dyce
Echt
Ellon
Fintray
Forgue
Foveran
Fraserburgh
Fyvie
Glenbucket
Glenmuick, Tullich,
and Glengairn
Huntly
Insch
Inverury
Keig
Keithhall and Kinkell
Kemnay
Kennethmont
Kildrummy
Kincardine O’Niel
Kinellar
King-Edward
Kintore
Leochel and Cushnie
Leslie
Logie-Buchan
Logie-Coldstone
The Scottish Naturalist
May 1842
August 1842
1835; 1840; Aug. 1841
August 1842
August 1842
August 1842
May 1842
1840; 1842
1840
No date
1837; August 1842
January 1840
Feb. 1840; Aug. 1842
January 1840
July 1 842
May 1841
January 1840
April 1842
1840
January 1840
Oct. 1838; Feb. 1840
October 1840
July 1842
November 1842
July 1842
May 1842
August 1842
July 1842
July 1842
Nov. 1840; April 1841
September 1842
July 1842
January 1840
January 1840
No date; May 1842
March 1843
June 1842
No date; 1842
No date
39
September
1842
42
March
1843
39
September
1842
42
March
1843
42
March
1843
42
March
1843
39
September
1842
39
September
1842
42
March
1843
39
September
1842
39
September
1842
28
November
1840
42
March
1843
25
February
1840
39
September
1842
42
March
1843
25
February
1840
39
September
1842
39
September
1842
25
February
1840
28
November
1840
28
November
1840
39
September
1842
42
March
1843
39
September
1842
39
September
1842
42
March
1843
39
September
1842
39
September
1842
39
September
1842
42
March
1843
39
September
1842
25
February
1840
25
February
1840
39
September
1842
42
March
1843
42
March
1843
39
September
1842
42
March
1843
1995
New Statistical Account: Correct Publication Dates
25
Longside
Nov. 1841 , July 1842
42
March
1843
Lonmay
1835; January 1840
25
February
1840
Lumphanan
January 1843
42
March
1843
Meldrum
November 1840
28
November
1840
Methlick
August 1842
42
March
1843
Midniar
No date; May 1842
39
September
1842
Monquhitter
June 1842
39
September
1842
Monymusk
November 1840
28
November
1840
New Deer
No date, January 1840
25
February
1840
Newhills
January 1840
25
February
1840
New Machar
August 1842
42
March
1843
Old Deer
January 1840
25
February
1840
Old Machar
December 1842
42
March
1843
Oyne
March 1839 ,May '42
39
September
1843
Peterculter
January 1840
25
February
1840
Peterhead
Sept. 1837; Sept. 1840
28
November
1840
Pitsligo
October 1840
28
November
1840
Premnay
May 1842
39
September
1842
Rathen
January 1840
28
November
1840
Rayne
October 1840
28
November
1840
Rhynie
August 1842
42
March
1843
St. Fergus
Feb. 1837; Jan. 1840
25
February
1840
Skene
January 1843
42
March
1843
Slains
February 1840
39
September
1842
Strathdon
April 1838; April 1839;
Dec. 1840
38
July
1842
Strichen
Feb. 1840; May 1842
39
September
1842
Tarland and Migvie
August 1842
42
March
1843
Tarves
May 1842
39
September
1842
Tough
Dec. 1835; May 1842
39
September
1842
Towie
October 1840
28
November
1840
Tullynessle and Forbes
Sept. 1838; Oct. 1840
28
November
1840
Turriff
November 1842
42
March
1843
Tyrie
November 1842
39
September
1842
Udny
January 1840
25
February
1840
General Observations
No date
42
March
1843
Appendix
(College and University)
No date
42
May
1943
26
The Scottish Naturalist Vol. 107
ARGYLESHIRE [1845, 1845]
Ardchattan
Ardnamurchan
Campbelton
Colonsay and Oransay
Craignish
Dunoon and Kilmun
Gicha and Cara
Glassary
Glenurchy and Inishail
Inverary
Inverchaolain
Jura
Kilbrandon and Kilchattan
Kilcalmonell and Kilberry
Kilchoman
Kilchrenan and Dalavich
Kildalton
Kilfinan
Kilfinichen and Kilviceuen
Killarrow and Kilmeny
Killean and Kilchenzie
Kilmadan
Kilmartin
Kilmore and Kilbride
Kilninian and Kilmore
Kilninver and Kilmelfort
Lismore and Appin
Lochgoil-head and
Kilmorich
Lochgoil-head and
Kilmorich, Addendum
Morvern
Muckairn
North Knapdale
Saddell and Skipness
Salen
Southend
South Knapdale
February 1844
1838
November 1843
February 1844
No date; July 1843
No date
October 1843
November 1844
August 1843
July 1843
July 1843
October 1843
July 1 843
October 1843
1839; 1844
April 1843
April 1844
April 1843
1842; September 1843
April 1843
No date; October 1843
June 1844
March 1844
January 1843
September 1843
1843
1841
December 1844
January 1845
August 1843
February 1844
April 1844
November 1843
September 1843
November 1843
1840
48
March
1844
45
September
1843
46
November
1843
49
June
1844
45
September
1843
49
June
1844
46
November
1843
50
December
1844
45
September
1843
45
September
1843
45
September
1843
49
June
1844
45
September
1843
46
November
1843
49
June
1844
46
November
1843
49
June
1844
46
November
1843
45
September
1843
49
June
1844
46
November
1843
49
June
1844
49
June
1844
48
March
1844
46
November
1843
45
September
1843
45
September
1843
50
December
1844
50
January
1845
45
September
1843
48
March
1844
49
June
1844
46
November
1843
46
November
1843
46
November
1843
45
September
1843
1995
New Statistical Account: Correct Publication Dates
27
Strachur and Stralachlan
Tiree and Coll
Tobermory
Torosay
Ulva
General Observations
July 1843
March 1840; 1843
September 1843
August 1843
September 1843
No date
45
September
1843
45
September
1843
46
November
1843
46
November
1843
46
November
1843
50
January
1845
AYRSHIRE [1842, 1845]
Ardrossan
Auchinleck
Ayr
Ballantrae
Barr
Beith
Colmonell
Coylton
Craigie
Dailly
Dalmellington
Dairy
Dairy inple
Dreghorn
Dundonald
Dunlop
Fenwick
Galston
Girvan
Irvine
Kilbirnie
Kilmarnock
Kilmaurs
Kilwinning
Kirkmichael
Kirkoswald
Largs
Loudon
Mauchline
Maybole
July 1837
September 1837
July 1837
April 1836
September 1837
May 1839
October 1838
December 1841
February 1842
September 1837
September 1837
June 1836
September 1837
November 1838
December 1841
Jan. 1836 , Sept. 1837
February 1842
July 1837
September 1837
November, 1841
Feb. 1 840; Dec. 1841
March 1839
January 1842
April 1842
October 1838
February 1842
April 1842
March 1842
July 1837
September 1837
16
November
1837
17
February
1838
16
November
1837
17
February
1838
17
February
1838
31
May
1841
22
May
1839
37
May
1842
37
May
1842
16
February
1838
16
February
1838
17
November
1837
17
November
1837
22
May
1839
37
May
1842
16
November
1837
37
May
1842
16
November
1837
17
February
1838
37
May
1842
37
May
1842
22
May
1839
37
May
1942
37
May
1942
22
May
1839
37
May
1842
37
May
1842
37
May
1842
16
November
1837
17
February
1838
28
The Scottish Naturalist
Vol. 107
Monkton and Prestwick
Muirkirk
New Cumnock
Newton-on-Ayr
Ochiltree
Old Cumnock
Riccarton
St. Quivox
Sorn
Stair
Stevenston
Stewarton
Straiton
Symington
Torbolton
West Kilbride
General Observations
BANFFSHIRE [1842,
Aberlour
Alvah
Banff
Boharm
Boindie
Botriphnie
Cabrach
Cullen
Deskford
Fordyce
Forglen
Gamrie
Gartly
Grange
Glass
Inveraven
Inverkeithney
Keith
Kirkmichael
1832; 1837
July 1837
November 1838
May 1837
July 1837
November 1837
November 1839
mi; July 1837
July 1837
December 1841
September 1837
April 1840; Jan. 1842
April 1837; Oct. 1837
March 1839
January 1842
September 1837
No date
July 1836
1837; February 1842
July 1836
June 1842
Dec. 1839; March 1842
1841
March 1842
May 1842
August 1836
February 1842
July 1836
March 1842
July 1836
March 1842
March 1842
August 1836
March 1842
July 1842
April 1842
16
November
1837
16
November
1837
22
May
1839
16
November
1837
16
November
1837
17
February
1838
31
May
1841
16
November
1837
16
November
1837
37
May
1842
17
February
1838
37
May
1842
17
February
1838
31
May
1841
37
May
1842
16
November
1837
37
May
1842
11
August
1836
38
July
1842
11
August
1836
38
July
1842
38
July
1842
38
July
1842
38
July
1842
38
July
1842
11
August
1836
38
July
1842
11
August
1836
38
July
1842
11
August
1836
38
July
1842
38
July
1842
11
August
1836
38
July
1842
38
July
1842
38
July
1842
1845]
1995
New Statistical Account: Correct Publication Dates
29
Marnoch
Mortlach
Ordiquhill
Rathven
Rothiemay
General Observations
BERWICKSHIRE [1841,
Abbey St. Bathans
Ayton
Bunkle and Preston
Channelkirk
Chirnside
Cockburnspath and
Old Cambus
Coldingham
Coldstream
Cranshaws
Dunse
Earlston
Eccles
Edrom
Eyemouth
Fogo
Foulden
Gordon
Greenlaw
Hutton
Ladykirk
Langton
Lauder
Legerwood
Longformacus and Ellini
Merton
Mordington
Nenthorn
Polwarth
Swinton and Simprin
June 1842
July 1836
July 1836
March 1842
March 1842
No date
1845]
July 1834
July 1834
July 1834
June 1834
June 1834
December 1834
November 1834
August 1834
July 1834
August 1834
June 1834
No date; May 1834
November 1834
January 1835
August 1834
October 1834
June 1834
March 1834
July 1834
August 1834
August 1834
December 1833
February 1835
June 1834
June 1834
February 1835
August 1834
July 1834
No date; August 1834
38
July
1842
11
August
1836
11
August
1836
38
July
1842
38
July
1842
38
July
1842
4
November
1834
4
November
1834
4
November
1834
4
November
1834
4
November
1834
6
May
1835
6
May
1835
6
May
1835
4
November
1834
6
May
1835
4
November
1835
4
November
1834
6
May
1835
6
May
1835
6
May
1835
6
May
1835
4
November
1834
4
November
1834
4
November
1834
6
May
1835
6
May
1835
4
November
1834
6
May
1835
4
November
1834
4
November
1834
6
May
1835
6
May
1835
6
May
1835
6
May
1835
30
Westruther
Whitsome and Hilton
General Observations
The Scottish Naturalist
June 1834
July 1834
No date
Vol. 107
4 November 1834
4 November 1834
6 May 1835
BUTESHIRE [1841, 1845]
Cumbray
May 1840
27
August
1840
Kilbride
Jan. 1837; April 1840
27
August
1840
Kilmorie
May 1840
27
August
1840
Kingarth
June 1840
27
August
1840
Rothesay
June 1840
27
August
1840
General Observations
No date
27
August
1840
CAITHNESS-SHIRE [1841, 1845]
Bower
October 1840
30
April
1841
Canisbay
October 1840
30
April
1841
Dunnet
October 1840
30
April
1841
Halkirk
1834; October 1840
30
April
1841
Latheron
October 1840
30
April
1841
Olrick
October 1840
30
April
1841
Reay
July 1840
30
April
1841
Thurso
October 1840
30
April
1841
Watten
October 1840
30
April
1841
Wick
March 1841
30
April
1841
General Observations
No date
30
April
1841
CLACKMANNANSHIRE [1842, 1845]
Alloa
Dec. 1 840; Sept. 1841
35
January
1842
Clackmannan
November 1841
35
January
1842
Dollar
October 1841
35
January
1842
Tillicoultry
September 1841
35
January
1842
General Observations
No date
35
January
1842
1995
New Statistical Account: Correct Publication Dates
31
DUMBARTONSHIRE [1841, 1845]
Arrochar
March 1839
23
August
1839
Bonhill
July 1840
27
August
1840
Cardross
No date; Feb. 1839
23
August
1839
Cumbernauld
April 1839
23
August
1839
Dumbarton
February 1839
23
August
1839
Kilmaronock
July 1839
27
August
1840
New Kilpatrick
1835; February 1839
23
August
1839
Old Kilpatrick
1836; February 1839
23
August
1839
Kirkintilloch
June 1839
23
August
1839
Luss
June 1839
23
August
1839
Roseneath
May 1839
23
August
1839
Row
January 1839
23
August
1839
General Observations
No date
27
August
1840
DUMFRIESSHIRE [1841, 1845]
Annan
December 1837
18
May
1838
Applegarth and Sibbaldbie
March 1834
2
May
1834
Caerlaverock
October 1835
9
February
1836
Canonbie
February 1836
9
February
1836
Closeburn
January 1834
2
May
1834
Cummertrees
March 1834
2
May
1834
Dalton
October 1835
9
February
1836
Dornock
September 1833
2
May
1834
Dryfesdale
January 1836
9
February
1836
Dumfries
September 1833
2
May
1834
Dunscore
October 1835
9
February
1836
Durisdeer
October 1835
9
February
1836
Eskdalemuir
No date
9
February
1836
Ewes
November 1835
9
February
1836
Glencairn
October 1835
9
February
1836
Graitney
No date; March 1834
2
May
1834
Hoddam
March 1834
2
May
1834
Holywood
December 1837
18
May
1838
Hutton and Corrie
1836
18
May
1838
Johnstone
February 1834
2
May
1834
Keir
January 1836
9
February
1836
Kirkconnell
October 1835
9
February
1836
32 The Scottish Naturalist Vol. 107
Kirkmahoe
January 1834
2
May
1834
Kirkmichael
January 1834
2
May
1834
Kirkpatrick-Fleming
February 1834
2
May
1834
Kirkpatrick-Juxta
February 1834
2
May
1834
Langholm
November 1835
9
February
1836
Lochmaben
October 1835
9
February
1836
Middlebie
July 1831; Oct. 1835
9
February
1836
Moffat
January 1834
2
May
1834
Morton
January 1834
2
May
1834
Mouswald
January 1836
9
February
1836
Penpont
February 1836
9
February
1836
Ruthwell
March 1834
2
May
1834
St. Mungo
February 1834
2
May
1834
Sanquhar
October 1835
9
February
1836
Tinwald and Trailflat
January 1834
2
May
1834
Torthorwald
December 1833
2
May
1834
Tundergarth
February 1834
2
May
1834
Tynron
February 1836
9
February
1836
Wamphray
No date; Feb. 1834
2
May
1834
Westerkirk
November 1835
9
February
1836
General Observations
No date
18
May
1838
EDINBURGHSHIRE [1845, 1845]
Borthwick
October 1839
24
November
1839
Carrington
July 1845
52
October
1845
Cockpen
July 1845
52
October
1845
Colinton
Nov. 1838; Oct. 1839
24
November
1839
Corstorphine
October 1839
28
November
1840
Cramond
May 1845
52
October
1845
Cranston
October 1839
24
November
1839
Crichton
August 1839
24
November
1839
Currie
March 1845
52
October
1845
Dalkeith
November 1844
50
December
1844
Duddingston
No date; August 1843
46
November
1843
Edinburgh
No date
52
October
1845
Fala and Soutra
November 1844
50
December
1844
Glencross
May 1843
46
November
1843
Heriot
October 1839
24
November
1839
1995
New Statistical Account: Correct Publication Dates
33
Inveresk
October 1839
28
November
1840
Kirkliston
October 1839
24
November
1844
Kirknewton
May 1844
49
June
1844
Lasswade
June 1843
46
November
1843
Leith
July 1845
52
October
1845
Liberton
March 1839; 1839
24
November
1839
Mid-Calder
No date
46
November
1843
Newbattle
September 1839
24
November
1839
Newton
February 1845
52
October
1845
Penicuik
1 836; July 1839
24
November
1839
Ratho
October 1839
24
November
1839
Roslin
June 1843
46
November
1843
Stow
1839; November '43
46
November
1843
Temple
August 1839
24
November
1839
West Calder
1841
28
November
1840
ELGINSHIRE [1842, 1845]
Abernethy
September 1835
8
November
1835
Alves
October 1835
8
November
1839
Bellie
January 1842
36
March
1842
Birnie
September 1835
8
November
1835
Dollas or Dallas
February 1842
36
March
1842
Drainie
February 1842
36
March
1842
Duffus
April 1835
8
November
1835
Duthil
February 1838
36
March
1842
Dyke and Moy
March 1842
36
March
1842
Edenkillie
February 1842
36
March
1842
Elgin
April 1835
8
November
1835
Forres
February 1842
36
March
1842
Kinloss
February 1842
36
March
1842
Knockando
August 1835
8
November
1835
New Spynie
October 1835
8
November
1835
Rafford
March 1842
36
March
1842
Rothes
March 1842
36
March
1842
Rothiemurchus
February 1842
36
March
1842
St. Andrews Lhanbryd
April 1835
8
November
1835
Speymouth
June 1835
8
November
1835
34
The Scottish Naturalist Vol. 107
Urquhart
April 1835
8
November
1835
General Observations
No date
36
March
1842
FIFESHIRE [1845, 1845]
Abbotshall
No date; April 1836
10
May
1836
Abdie
March 1836
10
May
1836
Abercrombie
January 1837
13
February
1837
Aberdour
February 1843
47
January
1844
Anstruther Easter
January 1837
13
February
1837
Anstruther Wester
November 1838
20
November
1838
Auchterderran
No date; May 1836
13
February
1837
Auchtermuchty
January 1843
47
January
1844
Auchtertool
November 1836
13
February
1837
Ballingry
December 1837
17
February
1838
Balmerino
February 1838
20
November
1838
Beath
April 1833; April '36
13
February
1837
Burntisland
December 1836
17
February
1838
Cameron
January 1837
13
February
1837
Carnbee
December 1844
51
August
1845
Carnock
January 1843
47
January
1844
Ceres
November 1837
20
November
1838
Collessie
March 1836
10
May
1836
Crail
May 1845
51
August
1845
Creich
November 1838
29
January
1841
Cults
June 1838
20
November
1838
Cupar
March 12836
10
May
1836
Dairsie
February 1843
47
January
1844
Dalgety
No date; June 1836
13
February
1837
Dunbog
July 1836
13
February
1837
Dunfermline
August 1844
50
December
1844
Dunino
November 1837
17
February
1838
Dysart
No date; April 1836
10
May
1836
Elie
December 1836
13
February
1837
Falkland
February 1845
51
August
1845
Ferry Port-on-Craig
March 1836
10
May
1836
Flisk
July 1837; Oct. 1838
20
November
1838
Forgan
January 1838
20
November
1838
Inverkeithing and Rosyth
November 1836
13
February
1837
Kemback
February 1843
47
January
1844
1995 New Statistical Account: Correct Publication Dates 35
Kennoway
January 1838
17
February
1838
Kettle
March 1836
10
May
1836
Kilconquhar
January 1837
13
February
1837
Kilmany
June 1838
20
November
1838
Kilrenny
May 1 843
51
August
1845
Kinghorn
January 1843
47
January
1844
Kinglassie
June 1836
13
February
1837
Kingsbarns
No date; April 1836
10
May
1836
Kirkcaldy
February 1843
47
January
1844
Largo
November 1837
17
February
1838
Leslie
No date; April 1836
10
May
1836
Leuchars
September 1836
13
February
1837
Logie
December 1837
17
February
1838
Markinch
June 1840
29
January
1841
Monimail
March 1836
10
May
1836
Moonzie
January 1843
47
January
1844
Newburgh
April 1836
10
May
1836
Newburn
April 1836
10
May
1836
Pittenweem
July 1845
51
August
1845
St. Andrews
Dec. 1837; Feb. 1838
20
November
1838
St. Leonards
Dec. 1837; Feb. 1838
20
November
1838
St. Monans
January 1837
13
February
1837
Saline
1842
47
January
1844
Scoonie
December 1836
13
February
1837
Strathmiglo
February 1843
47
January
1844
Torryburn
1 84 1 ; January 1843
47
January
1844
Wemyss
January 1838
17
February
1838
General Observations
No date
51
August
1845
FORFARSHIRE [1843, 1845]
Aberlemno
December 1842
43
May
1843
Airlie
April 1843
43
May
1843
Arbirlot
January 1835
12
November
1836
Arbroath
December 1833
1
March
1834
Auchterhouse
April 1843
43
May
1843
Barrie
March 1843
43
May
1843
Brechin
Jan. 1833; Dec. 1833
1
March
1834
Careston
Nov. 1839; Oct. 1842
40
November
1842
Vol. 107
36
Carmylie
Cortachy and Clova
Craig
Dun
Dundee
Dunnichen
Eassie and Nevay
Edzell
Farnell
Fearn
Finavon or Oathlaw
Forfar
Glammiss
Glenisla
Guthrie
Inverarity
Inverkeilor
Kettins
Kingoldrum
Kinnell
Kinnettles
Kirkden
Kirriemuir
Lethnot and Navar
Liff and Benvie
Lintrathen
Lochlee
Logie Pert
Lunan
Lundie and Fowlis
Mains and Strathmartine,
Marytown
Menmuir
Monifieth
Monikie
Montrose
Murroes
Newtyle
Oathlaw or Finavon
Panbride
The Scottish Naturalist
September 1836
September 1842
No date; January 1835
January 1833
1832; December 1833
December 1833
September 1842
Dec. 1834; Nov. 1842
January 1833
September 1836
February 1835
May 1843
September 1836
August 1842
No date; Sept. 1842
January 1835
January 1835
January 1843
December 1842
Jan. 1838; A ug. 1842
January 1835
No date; June 1840
No date; Dec. 1833
May 1843
September 1842
December 1842
December 1833
January 1835
September 1836
1838; Sept. 1842
December 1833
December 1833
March 1843
September 1842
1842
February 1835
1842
October 1842
February 1835
December 1833
12
November
1836
40
November
1842
5
February
1835
1
March
1834
1
March
1834
1
March
1834
40
November
1842
43
May
1843
1
March
1834
12
November
1836
5
February
1835
43
May
1843
12
November
1836
40
November
1842
40
November
1842
5
February
1835
5
February
1835
43
May
1843
43
May
1843
40
November
1842
5
February
1835
40
November
1842
1
March
1834
43
May
1843
43
May
1843
43
May
1843
5
February
1835
5
February
1835
12
November
1842
40
November
1842
1
March
1834
1
March
1834
43
May
1843
43
May
1843
40
November
1842
5
February
1835
43
May
1843
43
May
1843
5
February
1835
1
March
1834
1995 New Statistical Account: Correct Publication Dates
37
Rescobie
No date
43
May
1843
Ruthven
August 1842
40
November
1842
St. Vigeans
January 1842;
40
November
1842
Strickathrow
April 1843
43
May
1843
Tannadice
January 1835
5
February
1835
Tealing
September 1836
12
November
1836
General Observations
No date
43
May
1843
HADDINGTONSHIRE [1841, 1845]
Aberlady
January
13
February
1837
Athelstaneford
May 1835
8
November
1837
Bolton
Nov. 1 836; Nov. 1838
22
May
1839
Dirleton
November 1836
13
February
1837
Dunbar
September 1835
8
November
1835
Garvald and Bara
September 1835
8
November
1835
Gladsmuir
September 1836
13
February
1837
Haddington
No date
8
November
1835
Humbie
September 1835
8
November
1835
Innerwick
1836
13
February
1837
Morham
February 1837
13
February
1837
North Berwick
April 1839
22
May
1839
Oldhamstocks
No date
22
May
1839
Ormiston
No date; Sept. 1835
8
November
1835
Pencaitland
May 1839
22
May
1839
Prestonkirk
May 1835
8
November
1835
Prestonpans
April 1839
22
May
1839
Salton
September 1835
8
November
1835
Spott
December 1836
13
February
1837
Stenton
July 1835
8
November
1835
Tranent
March 1839
22
May
1939
Whitekirk and Tynnin;
ghameMay 1835
8
November
1835
Whittingham
May 1835
8
November
1835
Yester
October 1835
8
November
1835
General Observations
No date
22
May
1839
INVERNESS-SHIRE [1842, 1845]
Alvie
April 1835
9
February
1836
Ardrosser or Ardersier
September 1841
36
March
1842
38
The Scottish Naturalist
Vol. 107
Barray
January 1840
31
May
1841
Boleskine and AbertarfT
Sept. 1831; Feb. 1 835
6
May
1835
Bracadale
December 1840
31
May
1841
Cromdale
April 1841
36
March
1842
Croy and Dalcross
September 1841
36
March
1842
Daviot and Dunlichity
No date
36
March
1842
Dores
February 1841
31
May
1841
Duirinish
February 1841
31
May
1841
Glenelg
January 1836
9
February
1836
Harris
Dec. 1839; Jan. 1841
31
May
1841
Inverness
January 1835
6
May
1835
Kilmalie
May 1835
9
February
1836
Kilmonivaig
February 1842
36
March
1842
Kilmorack
January 1841
31
May
1841
Kilmuir
November 1840
31
May
1841
Kiltariity
December 1841
36
March
1842
Kingussie
February 1835
6
May
1835
Kirkhill
September 1841
36
March
1842
Laggan
February 1839
36
March
1842
Moy and Dalarossie
January 1836
9
February
1836
North Uist
1837
31
May
1841
Pettie
Autumn 1839 ,Feb. '41
31
May
1841
Portree
January 1841
31
May
1841
Sleat
December 1840
31
May
1841
Small Isles
January 1836
9
February
1836
Snizort
April 1840
31
May
1841
South Uist
1837
31
May
1841
Strath
April 1840
31
May
1841
Urquhart and Glenmoriston
April 1835
6
May
1835
General Observations
No date
36
March
1842
KINCARDINESHIRE [1843, 1845]
Arbuthnott
April 1838
18
May
1838
Banchory Devenick
No date; March 1838
18
May
1838
Banthory-Ternan
October 1842
40
November
1842
Benholme
1837
18
May
1838
Bervie
May 1837
18
May
1838
Dunnottar
Januray 1842
40
November
1842
1995
New Statistical Account: Correct Publication Dates
39
Du iris
January 1838
18
May
1838
Fettercairn
April 1837
18
May
1838
Fetteresso
March 1842
40
November
1842
Fordoun
1835; 1837
18
May
1838
Garvock
September 1836
18
May
1838
Glenbervie
1838
18
May
1838
Kinneff
August 1842
40
November
1842
Laurencekirk
No date; April 1838
18
May
1838
Maryculter
1833; 1833
18
May
1838
Mary kirk
May 1 842
40
November
1842
Nigg
No date; 1838
18
May
1838
St. Cyrus or Ecclesgreig
December 1841
40
November
1842
Strachan
February 1842
40
November
1842
General Observations
No date
40
November
1842
KINROSS-SHIRE [1841, 1845]
Cleish
April 1839
22
May
1839
Kinross
April 1839
22
May
1839
Orwell
April 1839
22
May
1839
Portmoak
No date; April 1839
22
May
1839
General Observations
May 1839
22
May
1839
KIRKCUDBRIGHTSHIRE
[1845, 1845]
Anwoth
October 1844
50
December
1844
Balmaclellan
1840; January 1844
48
March
1844
Balmaghie
February 1844
48
March
1844
Borgue
1841; December 1843
48
March
1844
Buittle
Nov. 1836; Feb. 1844
48
March
1844
Carsphairn
March 1844
49
June
1844
Colvend and Southwick
February 1844
48
March
1844
Crossmichael
February 1844
48
March
1844
Dairy
September 1844
50
December
1844
Girthon
April 1 844
49
June
1844
Kells
Oct. 1839; Feb. 1844
48
March
1844
Kelton
Jan. 1841; Jan. 1844
48
March
1844
Kirkbean
March 1844
48
March
1844
40
The Scottish Naturalist
Vol. 107
Kirkcudbright
May 1 843
48
March
1844
Kirkgunzeon
February 1844
48
March
1844
Kirkmabreck
1 840; April 1844
49
June
1844
Kirkpatrick-Durham
No date; March 1844
49
June
1844
Kirkpatrick-Irongray
No date; March 1844
49
June
1844
Lochrutton
February 1841
49
June
1844
MinnigafT
Febnruary 1842
48
March
1844
New Abbey
1840; February 1844
49
June
1844
Parton
March 1844
49
June
1844
Rerrick
July 1844
50
December
1844
Terregles
February 1844
48
March
1844
Tongland
December 1843
48
March
1844
Troqueer
No date
48
March
1844
Twynholm
1838; January 1844
48
March
1844
Urr
1843
49
June
1844
LANARKSHIRE [1841, 1845]
Avondale
July 1835
7
August
1835
Bertram Shotts
August 1839
26
May
1840
Biggar
August 1835
7
August
1835
Blantyre
July 1835
7
August
1835
Bothwell
1836; April 1840
26
May
1840
Cadder
June 1836
11
August
1836
Cadder, Addenda
No date
29
January
1841
Cambuslang
Junel836
11
August
1835
Cambusnethan
March 1839
26
May
1840
Carluke
March 1939
26
May
1840
Carmichael
November 1838
26
May
1840
Carmunnock
July 1839
26
May
1840
Carnwath
May 1834
3
August
1834
Carstairs
January 1839
26
May
1840
Covington and Thankerton
September 1840
29
January
1841
Crawfordjohn
June 1836
11
August
1836
Crawford
July 1835
7
August
1835
Culter
July 1835
7
August
1835
Dalserf
April 1840
26
May
1840
Dalziel
Junel836
11
August
1836
Dolphinton
March 1939
3
August
1834
1995 New Statistical
Account: Correct Publication Dates
41
Douglas
August \%35, June '36
11
August
1834
Dunsyre
No date, April 1 834
3
August
1834
East Kilbride
December 1840
29
January
1841
Glasford
July 1835
7
August
1835
Glasgow
July 1835
7
August
1835
Glasgow, Supplement
December 1840
29
January
1841
Hamilton
July 1835
7
August
1835
Lanark
April 1834
3
August
1834
Lesmahagow
March 1834
7
August
1834
Libberton and Quothquhan
March 1834
7
August
1834
New Monkland
July 1835
7
August
1835
Old Monkland
February 1840
26
May
1840
Pettinain
November 1838
26
May
1840
Rutherglen
June 1836
11
August
1836
Stonehouse
June 1836
11
August
1836
Strathaven
July 1835
7
August
1835
Symington
July 1840
29
January
1841
Walston
May 1840 ,Aug. 1840
29
January
1841
Wandell and Lammingtoune
May 1840
29
January
1841
Wiston and Roberton
May 1834
3
August
1834
General Observations
No date
29
January
1841
LINLITHGOWSHIRE [1844, 1845]
Abercorn
April 1843
44
July
1843
Bathgate
April 1843
44
July
1843
Borrowstownness
April 1843
44
July
1843
Carriden
No date; April 1843
44
July
1843
Dalmeny
April 1843
44
July
1843
Ecclesmachan
April 1843
44
July
1843
Linlithgow
July 1843
44
July
1843
Livingstone
April 1843
44
July
1843
Queensferry
No date; April 1843
44
July
1843
Torphichen
April 1843
44
July
1843
Uphall
April 1843
44
July
1843
Whitburn
April 1843
44
July
1843
General Observations
No date
44
July
1843
42
The Scottish Naturalist
Vol. 107
NAIRNSHIRE [1842, 1845]
Ardclach
April 1842
37
May
1842
Auldearn
March 1 842
37
May
1842
Cawdor
Dec. 1841; March 1842
37
May
1842
Nairn
February 1842
37
May
1842
General Observations
No date
37
May
1842
ORKNEY [1842, 1845]
Birsay and Harray
July 1841
35
January
1842
Cross and Burness
No date
34
November
1841
Evie and Rendall
November 1841
35
January
1842
Firth and Stenness
July 1841
34
November
1841
Holme and Paplay
November 1841
35
January
1842
Holme and Paplay, Addition
January 1842
35
January
1842
Hoy and Graemsay
July 1841
34
November
1841
Kirkwall and St. Ola
June 1841
34
November
1841
Lady
July 1841
34
November
1841
Orphir
June 1841
34
November
1841
Rousay and Eagleshay
July 1841
34
November
1841
Sandwick
May 1839; July 1841
34
November
1841
Shapinshay
July 1841
34
November
1841
South Ronaldsay and Burray October 1841
35
January
1842
St. Andrews
September 1841
35
January
1842
Stromness
1839; July 1841
34
November
1841
Stronsay and Eday
July 1841
35
January
1842
Walls and Flotta
July 1841
34
November
1841
Westray
No date; August 1841
34
November
1841
General Observations
No date
35
January
1842
PEEBLES-SHIRE [1841, 1845]
Broughton, Glenholm and
Kilbucho
May 1834
3
August
1834
Drummelzier
April 1834
3
August
1834
Eddlestone
April 1834
3
August
1834
Innerleithen
March 1834
3
August
1834
Kirkurd
May 1834
3
August
1834
Linton
May 1834
3
August
1834
1995 New Statistical Account: Correct Publication Dates 43
Lyne and Megget
June 1834
3
August
1834
Manner
May 1834
3
August
1834
Newlands
April 1834
3
August
1834
Peebles
March 1834
3
August
1834
Skirling
May 1834
3
August
1834
Stobo
May 1834
3
August
1834
Traquair
April 1834
3
August
1834
Tweedsmuir
April 1834
3
August
1834
General Observations
No date
3
August
1834
PERTHSHIRE [1844, 1845]
Aberdalgie and Dupplin
December 1842
41
January
1843
Aberfoyle
May 1843
47
January
1844
Abernethy
December 1842
41
January
1843
Abernyte
May 1837
15
August
1837
Alyth
June 1853
44
July
1843
Arngask
Sept. 1841; Dec. 1842
41
January
1843
Auchterarder
May 1837
15
August
1837
Auchtergaven
No date; June 1838
19
August
1838
Balquhidder
October 1837
19
August
1838
Bendochy
October 1843
47
January
1844
Blackford
May 1837
19
August
1838
Blair-Atholl
June 1838
19
August
1838
Blairgowrie
January 1843
41
January
1843
Callander
November 1837
19
August
1838
Caputh
1839
41
January
1843
Cargill
October 1843
47
January
1844
Clunie
February 1843
44
July
1843
Collace
May 1837
15
August
1837
Comrie
June 1838
23
August
1839
Coupar-Angus
July 1843
47
January
1844
Crieff
June 1838
19
August
1838
Culross
June 1838
23
August
1839
Dron
December 1842
41
January
1843
Dull
December 1842
41
January
1843
Dunbarny
December 1842
41
January
1843
Dunblane
February 1843
44
July
1843
Dunkeld and Dowally
February 1843
43
May
1843
44
The Scottish Naturalist
Dunning
November 1842
41
January
Errol
December 1837
19
August
Forgandenny
January 1843
43
May
Forteviot
October 1843
47
January
Fortingal
July 1838
19
August
Fossoway and Tulliebole
January 1843
44
July
Fowlis Wester
May 1837
15
August
Gask
May 1837
15
August
Glendovan
September 1837
19
August
Inchture
December 1842
41
January
Kenmore
June 1838
19
August
Killin
April 1843
44
July
Kilmadock
No date; Jan. 1843
47
January
Kilspindie
November 1843
47
January
Kincardine in Monteith
January 1844
47
January
Kinclaven
June 1843
47
January
Kinfauns
October 1843
47
January
Kinnaird
May 1837
15
August
Kinnoull
December 1842
41
January
Kirkmichael
December 1842
41
January
Lecropt
1842
47
January
Lethendy and Kinloch
December 1842
43
May
Little Dunkeld
Janaury 1843
43
May
Logierait
November 1842
41
January
Longforgan
June 1838
19
August
Madderty
November 1842
41
January
Meigle
1833; May 1837
15
August
Methven
April 1837
15
August
Moneydie
April 1837
15
August
Monivaird and Strowan
December 1842
41
January
Monzie
May 1837
15
August
Moulin
February 1839
23
August
Muchart
September 1835
19
August
Muthill
August 1837
19
August
Perth
March 1837
15
August
Port of Menteith
No date
44
July
Rattray
May 1837
15
August
Redgorton
April 1837
15
August
Rhynd
November 1837
19
August
St. Madoes
January 1839
23
August
Vol. 107
1843
1838
1843
1844
1838
1843
1837
1837
1838
1843
1838
1843
1844
1844
1844
1844
1844
1837
1843
1843
1844
1843
1843
1843
1838
1843
1837
1837
1837
1843
1837
1839
1838
1838
1837
1843
1837
1837
1838
1839
1995
New Statistical Account: Correct Publication Dates
45
St. Martins and
Cambusmichael
December 1842
41
January
1843
Scone
March 1843
44
July
1843
Tibbermore
February 1843
44
July
1843
Trinity-Gask
September 1837
19
August
1838
Tulliallan
December 1842
41
January
1843
Wee m
1840
41
January
1843
General Observations
No date
47
January
1844
RENFREWSHIRE [1842, 1845]
Cathcart
No date
35
January
1842
Eaglesham
March 1840
33
September
1841
Eastwood or Pollock
January 1836
10
May
1836
Erskine
March 1840
37
May
1842
Greenock
December 1840
33
September
1841
Houston and Killallan
No date; Jan. 1836
10
May
1836
Inchinnan
March 1836
10
May
1836
Inverkip
January 1842
35
January
1842
Kilbarchan
December 1838
33
September
1841
Kilmalcolm
January 1836
10
May
1836
Lochwinnoch
No date; Jan. 1836
10
May
1836
Mearns
January 1842
35
January
1842
Neilston
March 1837
14
May
1837
Paisley
February 1837
14
May
1837
Port-Glasgow
January 1836
10
May
1836
Renfrew
January 1836
10
May
1836
General Observations
No date
37
May
1842
ROSS AND CROMARTY [1841, 1845]
Alness
February 1840
27
August
1840
Applecross
September 1836
12
November
1836
Avoch
February 1840
27
August
1840
Barvas
September 1836
12
November
1836
Contin
September 1837
12
February
1839
Cromarty
September 1836
12
November
1836
Dingwall
March 1837
21
February
1839
Eddertoun
November 1840
29
January
1841
46 The Scottish Naturalist
Vol. 107
Fearn
February 1840
27
August
1840
Fodderty
April 1838
21
February
1839
Gairloch
September 1836
12
November
1836
Glenshiel
November 1836
12
November
1836
Killearnan
No date
12
November
1836
Kilmuir Wester and Suddy
No date
12
November
1836
Kilmuir Easter
December 1838
27
August
1840
Kiltearn
August 1839
27
August
1840
Kincardine
August 1840
29
January
1841
Kintail
September 1836
12
November
1836
Kirkmichael and
Cullicudden
September 1836
12
November
1836
Lochalsh
October 1838
21
February
1839
Lochbroom
May 1835
12
November
1836
Lochcarron
September 1836
12
November
1836
Lochs
1833
12
November
1836
Logie Easter
1836
12
November
1836
Nigg
No date; Sept. 1836
12
November
1836
Rosemarkie
May 1839;
27
August
1840
Rosskeen
October 1838
21
February
1839
Stornoway
1833
12
November
1836
Tain
August 1837
27
August
1840
Tarbat
December 1840
29
January
1841
Uig
1833
12
November
1836
Urquhart and Loggie-Wester February 1840
27
August
1840
Urray
July 1840
29
January
1841
General Observations
No date
29
January
1841
ROXBURGHSHIRE [1841, 1845]
Ancrum
April 1837
14
May
1837
Ashkirk
March 1837
20
November
1838
Bed rule
May 1837
20
November
1838
Bowden
October 1834
5
February
1835
Castletown
October 1839
24
November
1839
Cavers
September 1839
24
November
1839
Crailing
January 1835
14
May
1837
Eckford
May 1836
14
May
1837
Ednam
July 1839
24
November
1839
1 995 New Statistical Account: Correct Publication Dates
47
Hawick
May 1839
24
November
1839
Hobkirk or Hopekirk
March 1836
14
May
1837
Hounam
March 1836
14
May
1837
Jedburgh
October 1834
5
February
1835
Kelso
October 1838
20
November
1838
Kirktoun
May 1839
20
November
1838
Lilliesleaf
October 1834
5
February
1835
Linton
December 1834
5
February
1835
Makerstoun
No date; Nov. 1834
5
February
1835
Maxton
No date; Nov. 1834
5
February
1835
Melrose
November 1834
5
February
1835
Minto
October 1838
20
November
1838
Morebattle and Mow
October 1839
24
November
1839
Oxnam
April 1837
14
May
1837
Roberton
November 1834
5
February
1835
Roxburgh
No date; Nov. 1834
5
February
1835
St. Boswell’s or Lessudden
No date; Nov. 1834
5
February
1835
Smalholm
No date; Nov. 1834
5
February
1835
Southdean
No date; Dec. 1834
5
February
1835
Sprouston
March 1837
14
May
1837
Stitchell and Hume
November 1839
24
November
1839
Wilton
November 1839
5
February
1835
Yetholm
No date; Jan. 1835
5
February
1835
General Observations
No date;
24
November
1839
SELKIRKSHIRE [1841,
1845]
Ettrick
September 1833
1
March
1834
Galashiels
September 1833
1
March
1834
Selkirk
September 1833
1
March
1834
Yarrow
September 1833
1
March
1834
General Observations
No date
1
March
1834
SHETLAND [1841, 1845]
Bressay, Burra and Quarff
No date; May 1841
33
September
1841
Delting
May 1841
33
September
1841
Dunrossness
June 1841
33
September
1841
Fetlar and North Yell
No date; June 1841
33
September
1841
48
The Scottish Naturalist
Vol. 107
Lerwick
May 1841
33
September
1841
Mid and South Yell
1838; June 1841
33
September
1841
Nesting
June 1841
33
September
1841
Northmaving
June 1841
33
September
1841
Sandsting and Aithsting
Tingwall, Whiteness and
No date
33
September
1841
Weesdale
June 1841
33
September
1841
Unst
No date; May 1841
33
September
1841
Walls
No date; May 1841
33
September
1841
General Observations
March 1840
33
September
1841
STIRLINGSHIRE [1842, 1845]
Airth
Alva
Baldernock
Balfron
Bothkennar
Buchanan
Campsie
Denny
Drymen
Dunipace
Falkirk
Fintry
Gargunnock
Killearn
Kilsyth
Kippen
Larbert
Logie
Muiravonside
Polmont
Slamanan
Stirling
St. Ninians
Strathblane
General Observations
No date, April 1841
1836; April 1841
February 1841
June 1841
April 1841
Feb. 1838; March '41
May 1841
Feb. 1839; April 1841
Dec. 1838; March 1841
No date; Sept. 1841
May 1 840; Mar. 1841
No date; Mar. 1841
March 1841
February 1841
No date; April 1841
March 1839; May '41
No date; Sept. 1841
April 1841
April 1841
Mar. 1 839; April 1841
Sept. 1839; May 1841
October 1841
June 1841
March 1841
No date;
32
July
1841
32
July
1841
32
July
1841
32
July
1841
32
July
1841
32
July
1841
32
July
1841
32
July
1841
32
July
1841
34
November
1841
32
July
1841
32
July
1841
32
July
1841
32
July
1841
32
July
1841
32
July
1841
34
November
1841
32
July
1841
32
July
1841
32
July
1841
32
July
1841
34
November
1841
32
July
1841
32
July
1841
34
November
1841
1995
New Statistical Account: Correct Publication Dates
49
SUTHERLANDSHIRE [1841, 1845]
Assynt
Clyne
Criech
Dornoch
Durness
Edderachillis
Farr
Golspie
Kildonan
Lairg
Loth
Rogart
Tongue
General Observations
Nov. 1837; March '40
October 1840
September 1834
September 1834
September 1834
August 1840
August 1840
March 1833 , Sept. '34
February 1840
November 1834
March 1841
September 1834
January 1841
March 1841
30
April
1841
30
April
1841
4
November
1834
4
November
1834
4
November
1834
30
April
1841
4
November
1834
4
November
1834
30
April
1841
4
November
1834
30
April
1841
4
November
1834
30
April
1841
30
April
1841
WIGTONSHIRE [1841, 1845]
Glasserton
Inch
Kirkholm
Kirkinner
Kirkmaiden
Kirkowan
Leswalt
New Luce
Old Luce
Mochrum
Penninghame
Portpatrick
Sorbie
Stonykirk
Stranraer
Whithorn
Wigton
General Observations
1836; December 1838
January 1839
March 1837
December 1838
February 1839
December 1838
February 1839
January 1839
January 1839
January 1839
December 1838
December 1838
No date; Dec. 1838
January 1839
January 1839
January 1839
No date; Jan. 1839
No date
21
February
1839
21
February
1839
21
February
1839
21
February
1839
21
February
1839
21
February
1839
21
February
1839
21
February
1839
21
February
1839
21
February
1839
21
February
1839
21
February
1839
21
February
1839
21
February
1839
21
February
1839
21
February
1839
21
February
1839
21
February
1839
50
The Scottish Naturalist
Vol. 107
Additional Comment
The New Statistical Account of Scotland was published just over 150 years
ago. It is a remarkable publication, and in my view deserves the greatest respect
from those of us who, over the past one and a half centuries, have made use of the
information it contains. Somewhat surprisingly, however, this paper appears to be
the first attempt to draw attention to the detailed circumstances surrounding the
publication of the three versions and to the correct publication dates of the original
parish accounts.
Some other comments on the New Statistical Account may therefore be of
interest and relevance, even although they are not directly related to dates of
publication or natural history content.
Title-Pages
The last of the 52 original parts contained the title-pages, lists of contents etc,
for each volume of the collected 15-volume set of 1845, which was clearly
intended to be the final version; paper spine-labels were also included, which was a
little unusual. The county parish lists referring back to the original Statistical
Account , which had appeared at the start of each separate county volume, were
not included.
No title-pages were included for the separate county volumes, presumably
because the majority of these had already been published. As previously
mentioned, the title-pages for the individual county volumes simply said The
Statistical Account of [name of county], although the word New appeared on the
spine-labels. This is curious; some possible reasons for this suggest themselves,
but none is given.
Prices
The original 52 quarterly paper-back parts sold for six shillings each. The
price was printed on the front cover, as can be seen in Figure 1 .
The series of individual county volumes from 1841 to 1845, bound in green
cloth with paper spine-labels, sold for prices varying between l/6d and £1.7.0d,
depending on the size of the volume. The prices were printed on the paper spine-
label, below the name of the county, and Table 3 gives a list of all 33 volumes with
the relevant prices.
The individual county volumes were presumably issued in order to give those
who could not afford a complete set of the New Statistical Account the
opportunity to purchase the volume of their own county, and presumably also to
bring in some extra money while the project was progressing.
1995
New Statistical Account: Correct Publication Dates 51
Table 3
SEPARATE COUNTY VOLUMES
Year of Publication and Prices
Year
County
£. s.
d.
1841
Berwickshire
0.
8.
6.
1841
Buteshire
0. 3.
0.
1841
Caithness-shire
0. 4.
6.
1841
Dumbartonshire
0. 6.
0.
1841
Dumfries-shire
0. 12.
6.
1841
Haddingtonshire
0. 8.
6.
1841
Kinross-shire
0. 2.
6.
1841
Lanarkshire
1.
1.
0.
1841
Peebles-shire
0. 4.
6.
1841
Ross and Cromarty
0. 10.
6.
1841
Roxburghshire
0. 10.
6.
1841
Selkirkshire
0. 2.
6.
1841
Shetland
0. 4.
6.
1841
Sutherlandshire
0.
5.
6.
1841
Wigtonshire
0.
5.
6.
1842
Ayrshire
0. 18.
0.
1842
Banffshire
0. 9.
0.
1842
Clackmannanshire
0. 3.
6.
1842
Elginshire
0. 6.
0.
1842
Inverness-shire
0. 11.
6.
1842
Nairnshire
0.
1.
6.
1842
Orkney
0.
5.
6.
1842
Renfrewshire
0. 12.
6.
1842
Stirlingshire
0 10.
0.
1843
Aberdeenshire
1.
5.
0.
1843
Forfarshire
0. 15.
0.
1843
Kincardineshire
0.
8.
0.
1844
Linlithgowshire
0. 4.
6.
1844
Perthshire
1.
7.
0.
1845
Argyleshire
0. 15.
0.
1845
Edinburghshire
0. 16.
6.
1845
Fifeshire
1.
1.
0.
1845
Kirkcudbrightshire
0.
8.
6.
52
The Scottish Naturalist
Vol. 107
The final version, i.e. the 15 collected volumes of 1845, had no price printed on
the set, but sold for 15 guineas, according to a contemporary advertisement by
William Blackwood and Sons, publishers of the New Statistical Account on
behalf of the Society. The price was apparently later reduced, presumably after
most of the initial sales had taken place; possibly one of the earliest examples of
'remaindering'.
These prices all represented very substantial sums of money 150 years ago, and
since the entire venture was clearly expected to make a profit for the Society,
anticipated sales were presumably directed towards libraries, learned societies,
institutions, local government departments etc, and privately towards the local
aristocracy and the newly-emerging professional and business monied classes.
Certainly it is extremely unlikely that any of the parish ministers, the main authors
of the New Statistical Account, would ever be able to afford to buy a set.
Summary
The New Statistical Account was originally published as a series of 52
separate parts from March 1834 to October 1845. It was later reissued in two
other versions, firstly as 33 individual county volumes from 1841 to 1845, and
finally as a 15-volume collected set (far and away the version most commonly
found) in 1845.
Although the text and pagination remained entirely unchanged throughout, the
dates of original publication were not repeated in the reissued versions, and this has
misled many later research workers into believing that the 15-volume set of 1845
was the original edition, with the result that references to the natural history
material contained in the parish accounts are frequently incorrect, sometimes by as
much as ten years.
The natural history notes in the New Statistical Account are sometimes of
considerable historical importance, so it is vital that they should be correctly dated.
The original dates of publication of all parish accounts in the New Statistical
Account have therefore been set out in some detail, in the hope that this will
enable correct references to be quoted in future.
Dr. J.A. Gibson, Scottish Natural History Library,
Foremount House, KILBARCHAN, Renfrewshire PA 10 2EZ.
1995
Marine Fauna of St. Ki/da
53
THE MARINE FAUNA OF THE ST. KILDA ARCHIPELAGO
By J R. ELLIS and P S. CADMAN,
Marine and Environmental Research Group,
University of Wales, Swansea
S B. PIERTNEY,
Department of Zoology, University of Aberdeen
and D L. GEIGER,
Department of Biological Sciences,
University of Southern California
Introduction
The St. Kilda archipelago (57°49'N, 08°34'W) is a remote island group
approximately 60 km W.N.W. of North Uist (Outer Hebrides, Scotland). With the
exception of Rockall, it is the most north-westerly part of the British Isles. It is
composed of four major islands (Hirta, Dun, Soay and Boreray) and many rock
stacks, the largest of which are Stac an Armin, Stac Lee and Levinish (Figure 1).
The majority of the coastline is composed of cliff faces, including the largest sea-
cliffs in the British Isles, and these may extend, subtidally, to a depth of 30-40
metres, to a sea bed covered with large boulders. The sublittoral portions of the
sea cliffs have been much eroded over time, and are permeated with crevices, caves
and natural arches. The islands are extremely exposed (Dalby, Cowell, Syratt and
Crothers, 1978) and even the most sheltered area. Village Bay (Hirta), is exposed
(Scott, 1960), albeit far less than the surrounding cliff faces. The oceanography of
the surrounding areas has been discussed (Cartwright, 1969; Ellett, 1979), as has
the topography of the sea bed (Harding, Merriman and Nancarrow, 1984,
Sutherland, 1984).
St. Kilda is recognised as an international nature reserve because of the large
colonies of sea-birds (e g. Gannets Sula bassana and Puffins Fratercula arctica).
Although the terrestrial ecology of the main islands has been well documented, the
marine environment has received much less attention. One of the earliest studies is
that of Gauld, Bagenal and Connell (1953), although their sampling was restricted
to intertidal collections and dredging. Scott (1956, 1960) investigated the fauna of
the upper shore and sandy substrates of Village Bay. The sublittoral fauna has only
recently been described (Howson and Picton, 1985; and this present study). By
54
The Scottish Naturalist
Vol. 107
Figure 1. Map of the St. Kilda archipelago and its position in relation to north-west Scotland
1995
Marine Fauna of St. Ki/da
55
contrast, the equivalent fauna of the neighbouring Outer Hebrides has been
extremely well studied. In particular, see Angus (1979), George (1979) and Smith
(1979) in the Royal Society of Edinburgh's symposium volume on the Outer
Hebrides (Boyd, 1979).
The marine algae of St. Kilda, however, have been much better documented
(Gauld et cil., 1953; Watling, Irvine and Norton, 1970; Norton and Powell, 1979;
Howson and Picton, 1985) and so were not considered in the present study.
Due to the high degree of wave exposure, depth of surrounding water, distance
from other land masses, and pristine environment, St. Kilda may be considered to
be a unique environment. The present work provides a comprehensive list of the
marine fauna of the St. Kilda archipelago. Due to its geographical position as the
most north-westerly island group in the British Isles, our results either extend or
confirm the distribution ranges of those species recorded. The biodiversity of this
unspoilt north-east Atlantic ecosystem is discussed in relation to the exposure and
isolation.
Methods
From 13th to 27th July 1993 the marine fauna of the islands was surveyed using
scuba-diving, rod and line angling, intertidal collecting, benthic grab, dredge, and
plankton tow. Specimens which could not be positively identified in the field were
collected and subsequently examined. A number of specimens were preserved in
either 70% alcohol or 4% formalin for identification by other workers.
Results
In total, 296 species (see Appendix) were recorded in our survey and, of these,
over one hundred had not previously been reported from St. Kilda. In conjunction
with the 115 and 200+ species recorded by Gauld et al. (1953) and Howson and
Picton (1985) respectively, a comprehensive faunal list of the area is now available.
Howson and Picton (1985) provided more detailed records for three taxonomic
groups (Porifera, Opisthobranchia and Ascidiacea). We provide more detailed
records for several other taxa, notably polychaetes, crustaceans and fish. Notes on
some of the more unusual species recorded are as follows.
Phellici gciusapatci Gosse is an uncommon anthozoan, usually associated with
extremely exposed habitats, and has only previously been reported from a few
definite sites, including north-east Scotland (the type-locality), north-west Ireland,
56
The Scottish Naturalist
Vol. 107
Iceland and Norway (Manuel, 1988). One specimen was collected on the eastern
face of Hirta.
Oriopsis hynensis Knight-Jones is a sabellid worm which has only previously
been reported from southern Ireland. During the present survey, it was recorded in
laminarian holdfasts collected from most dive sites.
Okenia elegans (Leukart) is an opisthobranch previously reported from the
south-west coast of the British Isles, Anglesey, and Portrush in Northern Ireland
(Thompson and Brown, 1984). One specimen was recorded from the eastern face
of Dun, so this is now the most northerly record for this species in British waters.
Octopus \ndgaris Lamarck (Common Octopus) was recorded off the highly
exposed western face of Dun. Although the geographical limits for O. vulgaris are
poorly defined, this species is generally more common off the south-western coasts
of the British Isles, and this is a very northerly record.
Callionymus reticulatus Valenciennes (Reticulated Dragonet) is one of three
species of dragonet (Callionymiidae) found in British waters. The specimen
collected during the present study was caught in Village Bay, in an area of clean
sand, the substrate favoured by this species (Wheeler, 1978). C. reticulatus has
been reported at similar latitudes off Norway, although the previous most northerly
British record is from the northern Irish Sea (Wheeler, 1978).
Discussion
As an offshore island group, nutrient-rich upwellings are likely to increase the
productivity of the waters syurrounding St. Kilda. Such a phenomenon is termed
"island mass effect" (Doty and Oguri, 1956). Simpson and Tett (1986) recorded a
40% increase in phytoplankton production over 5,000 square kilometres of the
adjacent waters in their study. This increased productivity is very important for the
surrounding area, for example the waters between St. Kilda and the Outer
Hebrides support an important spawning ground for Herrings Clupea harengus
(Heath and MacLachlan, 1987), and Grey Seals Ha/ichoerus grypus are abundant
(Summers and Harwood, 1979).
Simpson and Tett (1986) commented on the relationship between the high
productivity of oceanic islands and large sea-bird colonies. Although St. Kilda is
internationally recognised for its sea-birds, only the diets of two species have been
well documented, namely the Fulmar Fulmarus glacialis (Furness and Todd, 1984)
1995
Marine Fauna of St. Ki/da
57
and Puffin (Harris, 1984). These species were found to feed primarily on clupeids
and euphausiids, and clupeids, gadoids and ammodytids, respectively.
St. Kilda is an extremely exposed habitat (Dalby et ai, 1978), and this has
several effects on the structuring of subtidal communities. Vertical rock faces are
covered with sessile, filter-feeding animals (e g. poriferans, hydroids and
bryozoans). Their abundance may be linked to the low turbidity of oceanic water.
During scuba-diving surveys, visibility was generally in the region of 25-40 m. The
high exposure has resulted in the creation of many caves and tunnels. These
provide more sheltered sites where silt is deposited, thus enabling species such as
the Burrowing Anemone Cerianthus lloydi Gosse to occur. However, these areas
of fine sediment are infrequent on the most exposed sites, and are typically
restricted to small areas between and under boulders, and rocks on the sea bed.
These areas are important habitats for galatheids and ophiuroids.
The most sheltered site, the south-easterly facing Village Bay, is composed of
moving sands and is still considered to be an exposed area (Scott, 1960; Angus,
1979). The biodiversity of this site was found to be low in both the number of
species and their abundance, which is in accordance with the findings of Scott
(1960). For example, only four species of polychaete were recorded. The low
biodiversity of the sandy areas is probably related to the drainage and exposure.
Winter storms have been known to scour the bay and remove all sand (Scott,
1960) and, due to the geographical position of St. Kilda, it is possible that some
species may have difficulty in recruiting after such destructive events. Additionally,
the beach has been described as having a high rate of drainage, and so intertidal
infaunal species were rarely recorded. One obvious difference between earlier
studies and the present work was the absence of the isopod Eurydice pulchrci
Leach, a species which was previously recorded in densities of over 6,000 per
square metre (Scott, 1960). The absence of a once so common species is a
testament to the dynamic nature of this bay and to the labile nature of infaunal
habitats.
High exposure may also enable some intertidal and maritime fringe species, eg.
Rough Perwinkle Littorina saxcililis (Olivi), bristletails Petrobius sp. and Sand-
hopper Orchestia gammarel/a (Pallas), to extend their traditional vertical range.
Indeed, such species have been recorded well above the littoral zone on Hirta
(Bagenal, 1957).
The area is considered to be an unspoilt environment due to the lack of human
disturbance and pollution. The Ministry of Defence maintains a small garrison on
the island and there are small groups of visitors in summer. Commercial fishing is
58
The Scottish Naturalist
Vol. 107
limited because of the rough terrain of the sea bed, exposed conditions of the area,
and distance from land. The area has been commercially fished, using pots, for
Lobster Homarus gammarus, Crayfish Palinurus elephas and Edible Crab Cancer
pagurus. Howson and Picton (1985) stated that these species were found in
abundance, but in the present study few Lobsters, and no Crayfish, were recorded.
The area may therefore have been overfished. Other fisheries species in the area
include Cod Gadus morhua, Haddock Melanogrammus aeglefinus and Spur-dog
Squalus acanthias. These, and other fisheries for the area, have been reviewed
(Bailey, Hislop and Mason, 1979). With respect to the nearshore ichthyofauna,
benthic and epibenthic fish were infrequent; for example, only two species of
wrasse were observed, Cuckoo Wrasse Labrus mixtus and Ballan Wrasse Labrus
bergylta, and these in very small numbers. However, two species of gadoid,
Pollack Pollachius pollachius and Saithe P. virens, were both extremely abundant.
Acknowledgements
Many thanks are due to everyone who made the expedition such a success,
including Mr. Christopher J. Coode, Mr. Michael Dobson, Mr. Richard Edwards,
Dr. Peter Esteban, Mr. Robert Findler, Mr. Matthew James, Mr. B. Keaton, Mr.
Keith Naylor, Mr. Alan D. Osborn and Mr. Mark Palmer. Special thanks are due
to Mr. Robert E. Thomas for all his effort and perseverance in organising the
expedition. The expedition was sponsored by Agenda Television (Swansea), the
Dulverton Trust, National Trust for Scotland, Scottish Natural Heritage, Shimano
UK, UNESCO, and WWF UK (World Wide Fund for Nature). Thanks also go to
the British Army for all their assistance, expecially the Royal Marines (Poole), the
Royal Logistic Corps, the crew of H.M.A.V. Ardennes , and the Royal Signals (St.
Kilda Detachment).
The following specialists helped in either the identification or verification of
certain specimens: Dr. Peter J. Hayward (Bryozoa), Dr. Philip E. King
(Pycnogonida), Dr. John Moyse (Ophiuroidea), Dr. Boris Sirenko
(Polyplacophora), Dr. Nathalie Yonow (Opisthobranchia), and Dr. Susan
Chambers, Dr Peter R. Garwood and Dr. Phyllis K Knight-Jones (Polychaeta).
This paper is based on a preliminary unpublished report (1993), by the same
authors, to the World Wide Fund for Nature.
Summary
The St. Kilda archipelago is a unique environment, characterised by deep
surrounding water, a high degree of wave exposure, isolation from other land
1995
Marine Fauna of St. Ki/da
59
masses, and pristine habitats. It provides an area where the recorded geographic
range of many species can be extended because of St. Kilda's position as Europe's
most north-westerly island group. Preliminary observations on the biodiversity are
discussed.
References
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Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 77B: 1 55-171.
Bagenal., T.B. (1957). The vertical range of some littoral animals on St. Kilda.
Scottish Naturalist, 69: 50-51.
Bailey, R.S., Hislop, J.R.G. and Mason, J. (1979). The fish and shellfish resources
in seas adjacent to the Outer Hebrides. Proceedings of the Royal Society of
Edinburgh, 77B: 479-494.
Boyd, J.M. (Ed.) (1979). The Natural Environment of the Outer Hebrides.
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Cartwright, D.E. (1969). Extraordinary tidal currents near St. Kilda. Nature, 223:
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Dalby, D.H., Cowell, E.B., Syratt, W.J. and Crothers, J.H. (1978). An exposure
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Association of the United Kingdom, 58: 975-996.
Doty, M.S. and Oguri, M. (1956). The island mass effect. Journal du Conseil
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Ellett, D.J. (1979). Some oceanographic features of Hebridean waters. Proceedings
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Furness, R.W. and Todd, C.M. (1984). Diets and feeding of Fulmars Fulmarus
glacia/is during the breeding season: a comparison betwen St. Kilda and
Shetland colonies. Ibis, 126: 379-387.
Gauld, D.T., Bagenal, T.B. and Connell, J.H. (1953). The marine fauna and flora of
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Harding, R.R., Merriman, R.J. and Nancarrow, P.H.A. (1984). St. Kilda: An
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Harris, M.P. (1984). The Puffin. Calton, Staffordshire: Poyser.
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Heath, M.R. and MacLachlan, P. (1987). Dispersal and mortality of yolk-sac Herring
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20th July 1984. Report to the Nature Conservancy Council.
Manuel, R.L. (1988). British Anthozoa. Synopses of the British Fauna (New Series),
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Norton, T.A. and Powell, H.T. (1979). Seaweeds and rocky shores of the Outer
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1995
Marine Fauna of St. Kilda
61
APPENDIX
MARINE FAUNAL LIST FOR ST. KILDA
Classification follows Hayward and Ryland (1990)
Foraminiferida
Rosalind globularis anglica (Cushman)
Porifera: Calcarea
Clalhrina coriacea (Montagu)
Leucosolenia comp/icata (Montagu)
Sycon ciliatum (Fabricius)
Leuconia gossei (Bowerbank)
Porifera: Demospongiae
Pachymatisma johnstonia (Bowerbank in Johnston)
Suberites camosus (Johnston)
Cliona celata Grant
Halichondria panicea (Pallas)
Hymeniacidon per /eve (Montagu)
Myxilla incrustans (Johnston)
Cnidaria: Scyphozoa
Aurelia aurita (L.)
Cyanea lamarckii (P6ron & Lesseur)
Cyanea cap i l lata (L.)
Haliclystus auricula (Rathke)
Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Athecata
Tubular ia indivisa L.
Tubularia larynx Ellis and Solander
Sarsia eximia (Allman)
Eudendrium rameum (Pallas)
Eudendrium ramosum (L.)
Eudendrium capillare Alder
Eudendrium annulatum Norman
Bougainvi/lia ramosa (Van Beneden)
Leuckartiara sp.
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Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Thecata
Clytia hemisphaerica (L.)
Gonothyraea loveni (Allman)
Obelia dichotoma (L.)
Obelia geniculata (L.)
Halecium muricatum (Ellis and Solander)
Halecium sessile (Norman)
Abie Unarm abietina (L.)
Abietinaria filicula (Ellis and Solander)
Amphisbetia operculata (L.)
Dynamena pumila (L.)
Sertularella rugosa (L.)
Sertularella tenella (Alder)
Kirchenpaueria pinnata (L.)
Kirchenpaueria similis (Hincks)
Nemertesia antennina (L.)
Nemertesia ramosa (Lamouroux)
Plumularia setacea (L.)
Cnidaria: Anthozoa
Alcyonium digitatum L.
Alcyonium glomeratum (Hassall)
Cerianthus lloydi Gosse
Corynactis viridis Allman
Caryophyllia smithii Stokes and Broderip
Parazoanthus anguicomus (Norman)
Actinia equina (L.)
Urticina felina (L.)
Metridium senile (L.)
Actinothoe sphyrodeta (Gosse)
Sagartia elegans (Dalyell)
P he Ilia gausapata Gosse
Ctenophora
Bolinopsis infundibulum (O.F. Muller)
Pleurobrachia pileus (O.F. Muller)
Beroe cucumis Fabricius
1995
Marine Fauna of St. KUda
63
Nemertea
Cerebratulus marginatus Renier
Linens longissimus (Gunnerus)
Oerstedia dorsalis (Abildgaard)
Tetrastemma vermiculus (Quatrefages)
Polychaeta
Harmothoe impar Johnston
Lepidonotus clava (Montagu)
Chaetopterus variopedatus (Renier)
Kefersteinia cirrata (Keferstein)
Nephtys cirrosa Ehlers
Nereis pelagica L.
Eida/ia bilineata Johnston
Eulalia viridis (L.)
Owen ia fusiform is Delle Chiaje
Poly dor a spp.
Scole lepis squamata (O.F. Muller)
Autolytus prolifer (O.F. Muller)
Syllidia armata Quatrefages
Brania clavata (Clapar6de)
Procerea cornuta (Agassiz)
Eusyllis blomstrandi Malmgren
Exogone gemmifera (Pagenstecher)
Syllis gracilis Grube
Typosyllis armi llaris (Malmgren)
Typosyllis variegata Grube
Lanice conch i/ega (Pallas)
Eilograna implexa Berkeley
Oriopsis hynensis Knight-Jones
Pomatoceros lamarcki (Quatrefages)
Pomatoceros triqueter (L.)
Spirorbis spp.
Sipuncula
Phascolosoma granulatum Leuckart
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Crustacea: Cirripedia
Lepas ana t if era L.
Chthamalus montagui Southward
Semibalanus balanoides (L.)
Crustacea: Tanaidacea
Pseudoparatanais batei (Sars)
Crustacea: Isopoda
I do tea baltica (Pallas)
Idotea granulosa Rathke
Idotea pe/agica Leach
Jaera albifrons Leach
Jaera ischiosetosa Forsman
Jaera praehirsuta Forsman
Janira maculosa Leach
Ligia ocean ica (L.)
Crustacea: Amphipoda
Lysianassa cerantina (Walker)
Iphimedia minuta Sars
Iphimedia obesa Rathke
Leucothoe spinicarpa (Abildgaard)
Stenothoe marina (Bate)
Stenothoe monoculoides (Montagu)
Orchestia gammarella (Pallas)
Talitrus saltator (Montagu)
Hyale nilssoni (Rathke)
Hyale pontica (Rathke)
Gam mar us finmarchicus Dahl
Gam mar us locusta (L.)
Gammarus zaddachi Sexton
Monocu lodes carinatus (Bate)
Westwoodilla caecula (Bate)
Apherusa cirrus (Bate)
Apherusa jurinei (Milne Edwards)
Ampithoe rubricata (Montagu)
Corophium bonellii (Sars)
Ericthonius punctatus (Bate)
1995
Marine Fauna of St. KUda
65
Jassa falcata (Montagu)
Parajassa pelagica (Leach)
Hyper ia galba (Montagu)
Pseudoprotella phasma (Montagu)
Aeginina longicornis (Kroyer)
Parvipalpus capillaceous (Chevreux)
Caprella acanthifera Leach
Caprella linearis (L.)
Crustacea: Decapoda
Crangon crangon (L.)
Homarus gammarus (L.)
Pagurus bernhardus (L.)
Munida rugosa (Fabricius)
Galathea intermedia Lilljeborg
Galathea squamifera Leach
Galathea strigosa (L.)
Pisidia longicornis (L.)
Inachus dorsettensis (Pennant)
Inachus phalangium (Fabricius)
Inachus leptochirus Leach
Eurynome aspera (Pennant)
Maja squinado (Herbst)
Cancer pagurus L.
Li ocar citrus depur ator (L.)
Liocarcinus marmoreus (Leach)
Necora puber (L.)
Carcinus maenas (L.)
Pilumnus hirtellus (L.)
Pycnogonida
Nymphon brevirostre Hodge
Endeis spinosa (Montagu)
Pycnogonum littorale (Strom)
Phoxichilidium femoratum (Rathke)
Mollusca: Polyplacophora
Acanthochitona sp
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Leptochiton asellus (Gmelin)
Toni cel la rubra (L.)
Mollusca: Gastropoda
Acmaea virginea (Muller)
Patella intermedia Murray
Patella vulgata L.
Helcion pellucidum (L.)
Gibbula cineraria (L.)
Gibbula umbilicalis (da Costa)
Calliostoma zizyphinum (L.)
Lacuna parva ( da Costa)
Lacuna vincta (Montagu)
Littorina littorea (L.)
Littorina obtusata (L.)
Littorina neritoides (L.)
Littorina saxatilis (Olivi)
Lamellaria perspicua (L.)
Trivia arctica (Pulteney)
Trivia monacha (da Costa)
Lunatia catena (da Costa)
Epitonium clathratulum (Kanmacher)
Nucella lapillus (L.)
Co/us sp.
PI ini a incrassata (Strom)
Mollusca: Opisthobranchia
Colpodaspis pussila M. Sars
Runcina coronata (Quatrefages)
Aplysia punctata (Cuvier)
Tritonia hombergi (Cuvier)
Tritonia plebeia Johnston
Dendronotus frondosus (Alder and Hancock)
Do to coronata (Gmelin)
A canthodoris pilosa (Abildgaard in Muller)
Onchidoris luteocincta (M. Sars)
Onchidoris muricata (Muller)
Okenia e/egans (Leuckart)
Polycera faeroensis Lemche
Polycera cjuadrilineata (Muller)
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Marine Fauna of St. Kilda
67
Limacea clavigera (Muller)
Rostanga rubra (Risso)
Ar chi dor is pseudoargus (Rapp)
Janolus cristatus (Delle Chiaje)
Aeo/idia papillosa (L.)
Eubranchus exiguus (Alder and Hancock)
Facelina bostoniensis (Couthouy)
Facelina coronata (Forbes and Goodsir)
Favormus blianus Lemche and Thompson
Coryphella lineata (Lov6n)
Coryphella pellucida (Alder and Hancock)
Coryphella pedata (Montagu)
Tergipes tergipes (ForskSI)
Mollusca: Bivalvia
Area tetragona Poli
Anomia ephippium L.
My Ulus edulis L.
Modiolus phaseolina (Philippi)
Chlamys nivea (Macgillivray)
Chlamys varia (L.)
Arctica islandica (L.)
Parvicardium ovale (Sowerby)
Venus siriatula (da Costa)
lrus irus (L.)
Moerella donacina (L.)
Ensis si l i qua (L.)
Mollusca: Cephalopoda
Sepiola atlantica d'Orbigny
Octopus vulgaris Lamarck
Eledone cirrhosa (Larmarck)
Bryozoa: Stenolaemata: Cyclostomata
Crisia eburnea (L.)
Crisia ramosa Harmer
Crisidia cornu ta (L.)
Filicrisia geniculata (Milne Edwards)
Disporella hispida (Fleming)
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Bryozoa: Gymnolaemata: Cheilostomata
Aetea anguina (L.)
Scruparia ambigua (d'Orbigny)
Scruparia che/ata (L.)
Electra pilosa (L.).
Membranipora membrcinaceci (L.)
Flustra foliacea (L.)
Amphible strum aura turn (Hincks)
Ramphonotus minax (Busk)
Callopora lineata (L.)
Membraniporella nitida (Johnston)
Scrupocellaria reptans (L.)
Scrupocellaria scruposa (L.)
Bicellariella ciliata (L.)
Bugula flabellata (Thompson in Gray)
Umbonula littoralis Hastings
Escharoides coccinea (Abildgaard)
Celleporella hyalina (L.)
Hippothoa flagellum Manzoni
Microporella ciliata (Pallas)
Porella compressa (Sowerby)
Smittoidea reticulata (Macgillivray)
Schizomcr\’ella linearis (Hassall)
Celleporina hassall ii (Johnston)
Turbicellepora avicu laris (Hincks)
Bryozoa: Gymnolaemata: Ctenostomata
Alcyonidium diaphanum Lamouroux
Echinodermata: Crinoidea
Antedon bifida (Pennant)
Echinodermata: Asteroidea
Astropecten irregularis (Pennant)
Luidia sarsi Diiben & Koren
Luidia ci/iarts (Philippi)
Porania pu /villus (O.F. Muller)
Crossaster papposus (L.)
Henricia oculata (Pennant)
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Marine Fauna of St. Ki/da
69
Aster ias rube ns L.
Marthasterias glacial is (L.)
Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea
Ophiocomina nigra (Abildgaard)
Ophiothrix fragilis (Abildgaard)
Ophiopholis acute ata (L.)
Amphipho/is squamata (Delle Chiaje)
Echinodermata: Echinoidea
Psammechinus miliar is (Gmelin)
Echinus e scute ntus (L.)
Echinocardium cordatum (Pennant)
Echinodermata: Holothuroidea
Pawsonia saxicola (Brady & Robertson)
Ascidiacea
Ciona intestinalis (L.)
Clavelina lepadiformis (Muller)
Morchellium argus (Milne Edwards)
Lissoclinum perforatum (Giard)
Ascidielta aspersa (Muller)
Botryllus schtosseri (Pallas)
Diplosoma sp.
Thaliacea
Salpa fusiformis Cuvier
Elasmobranchii
Scyliorhinus canicula (L.)
Teleostei
Conger conger (L.)
Clupea harengus L.
Lophius piscatorius (L.)
Pott ac hi us pollachius (L.)
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Pollachius virens (L.)
Tri sop terns luscus (L.)
Gastrosteus aculeatus L.
Entelurus aequoreus (L.)
Aspitrigla cuculus (L.)
Eutrigla gurnardus (L.)
Taurulus bubalis (Euphrasen)
Liparis montcigui (Donovan)
Labrus bergylta Ascanius
Labrus mixtus L.
Echiichthys viper a (Cuvier)
Parablennius gat torn gine (L.)
Ammodytes mar in us Raitt
Hyperoplus lanceolatus (Lesauvage)
Callionymus reticulatus Valenciennes
Thorogobius ephippiatus (Lowe)
Scomber scombrus L.
Limanda limanda (L.)
P leu rone ctes plate ssa L.
Topknot (Unidentified species)
Mammalia
Halichoerus grypus Fabricius
Mr. James R. Ellis, Marine and Environmental Research Group, School of Biological
Sciences, University of Wales, Singleton Park, SWANSEA SA2 8PP.
Mr. Peter S. Cad man, Sea Bait Ltd, 3 Gerrard Close,
WHITLEY BA Y, Tyne and Wear NE26 4NS.
Dr. Stuart B. Piertney, Department of Zoology,
University of Aberdeen, Tilly drone Avenue, ABERDEEN AB9 2TN.
Mr. Daniel L. Geiger, Department of Biological Sciences,
Allan Hancock Foundation Building 108, University of Southern California,
LOS ANGELES CA 9008-037 1 ,U.S. A.
1995
Increase of the Lesser Rorqual in the Clyde Faunal Area
71
INCREASE OF THE LESSER RORQUAL
IN THE CLYDE FAUNAL AREA
By J.A. GIBSON
Clyde Area Recorder,
Mammal Society of the British Isles
Previous History
The Lesser Rorqual Balcienoptera acutorostrata (once alternatively known as
the Pike Whale, and more recently called the Minke Whale) was formerly one of
the rarest cetaceans recorded from Clyde waters. Indeed in 1954, when I
published my first account of the mammals of the Clyde faunal area (Gibson,
1954), I could trace only four possible strandings or captures of the Lesser Rorqual
during the previous 150 years, although another capture, from Dunbartonshire in
June 1905, subsequently came to light (Gibson, 1989).
Nearly a quarter of a century later, in my separate detailed account of the
marine mammals of the Clyde area (Gibson, 1976), I could record no more
strandings or captures, but by this time there had been at least half-a-dozen fairly
reliable sightings, off Ailsa Craig, in the Kilbrannan Sound, and in lower Loch
Fyne.
Steady Increase
From then on there was a slow but recognisable increase in the number of
sightings of Lesser Rorquals, mainly from the above same areas of Clyde, as
recorded in the series of Clyde Vertebrate Atlases, and this was accompanied by
marked changes in the status of some other Clyde cetaceans.
The most noticeable change was the quite dramatic decrease in the occurrences
of the Bottle-nosed Whale Hyperoodon ampullatus , formerly far and away the
commonest large cetacean in Clyde waters, with a good number of sightings each
year and numerous strandings reported over the past 200 years. By the mid-1980s,
however, the Bottle-nosed Whale had virtually disappeared from Clyde (Gibson,
1986). At the same time the Killer Whale Orcinus orca continued its steady,
indeed relentless, increase, and the Common Dolphin Delphinus delphis increased
from probably the rarest to possibly the commonest Clyde dolphin (Gibson, 1986).
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By the mid-1980s I was beginning to see Lesser Rorquals more than
occasionally in Clyde waters, whereas ten years previously even one sighting had
been something of an event. From then on the increase in Lesser Rorqual sightings
continued and accelerated, with many records from the lower Clyde sea area, off
Ailsa Craig, in Kilbrannan Sound, and in lower Loch Fyne.
Present Status
The Killer Whale is now unquestionably the commonest large cetacean in Clyde
waters, but in my own personal experience I now make nearly as many sightings of
Lesser Rorquals as Killers. In sheer numbers, of course, the Killer remains the
commonest large Clyde cetacean, for Lesser Rorquals in Clyde are usually seen as
individuals or in very small groups, and never as the packs in which Killers are
sometimes seen, e.g. a pack of well over thirty Killers in the Kilbrannan Sound in
May 1973 (Gibson, 1976).
The best place to see Lesser Rorquals in the Clyde sea area remains off Ailsa
Craig, the Kilbrannan Sound, north of Arran, and in lower Loch Fyne. Oddly
enough, until quite recently I had never seen a Lesser Rorqual in the east part of
the Sound of Bute (Gibson, 1990), from where I have very many records of
cetaceans over the past half-century, but within the past five years I have had
several reliable sightings. I now also have many sightings nearly up to the head of
Loch Fyne, in Loch Long, and far up the River Clyde, off Ardmore and Cardross,
opposite Port Glasgow.
In this respect, it is perhaps worth drawing attention to the fact that cetaceans
have long been known to venture far up the River Clyde, even in the days when
pollution of the river was infinitely greater than it is now (Gibson, 1976). The
1905 Dunbartonshire stranding of the Lesser Rorqual was at Dumbarton Rock
(Gibson, 1989). There are many Bottle-nosed Whale records, including one as far
up the river as Renfrew in 1906 (Anon., 1914; Gibson and Anderson, 1972), and
there are older records of Killers in the White Cart river, near Renfrew (Gibson and
Anderson, 1972).
Nowadays, several cetacean species are regularly seen far up the River Clyde,
but the most remarkable occurrence must remain the Common Dolphin seen
jumping in Princes Dock, in the centre of the city of Glasgow (Sutcliffe, 1983),
which "was photographed by one of the staff of the Daily Record newspaper, from
the very offices of which, overlooking the dock, the dolphin had first been seen!"
(Gibson, 1986). For those unfamiliar with the local geography, this is just about as
far up the river as anything can possibly go, since the weir then obstructs any
further progress. As yet, however, the furthest point up the river where I have
seen a Lesser Rorqual is still just off Port Glasgow.
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Increase of the Lesser Rorqual in the Clyde Faunal Area
73
Summary
During the past twenty years, therefore, the Lesser Rorqual has increased in
status from being one of the least common large cetaceans in the Clyde to
becoming a very regular visitor. Over the past seven years I myself have averaged
up to half-a-dozen sightings a year, and other sightings have been reported. This,
moreover, is during a period when another large cetacean, the Bottle-nosed Whale,
has almost completely disappeared.
I have now been recording cetaceans in the Clyde sea area for well over fifty
years. Half a century ago I personally had never seen a Lesser Rorqual in the
Clyde; a quarter of a century ago I was beginning to see the odd one; now I can
make a small but regular number of sightings each year from all over the Clyde sea
area, including nearly to the head of the great sea lochs and as far up the river as
Port Glasgow. I have no doubts whatsoever that this represents a very genuine
increase. Needless to say, I shall always be glad to receive any information on
additional sightings, particularly from less obvious parts of the Clyde faunal area.
Information on changes in recorded status from other parts of Scotland will also be
welcome.
References
Anon. (1914). Whales in the Clyde. Glasgow Herald, 20th February 1914.
Gibson, J.A. (1954). The Mammals of the Clyde Faunal Area. Paisley: The
Museum. Reprinted, with additions, from Transactions of the Paisley
Naturalists' Society, 6: 1-46.
Gibson, J.A. (1976). The marine mammals of the Clyde faunal area. Western
Naturalist, 5: 3-39.
Gibson, J.A. (1986). Recent changes in the status of some Clyde vertebrates.
Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 90B: 451-467.
Gibson, J.A. (1989). The first record of the Lesser Rorqual in Dunbartonshire:
evidence from an early photograph. Scottish Naturalist, 101: 97-100.
Gibson, J.A. (1990). Some recent notes on Bute mammals. Transactions of the
Buteshire Natural History Society, 23: 65-79.
Gibson, J.A. and Anderson, J. (1972). The mammals of Renfrewshire. Western
Naturalist, 1:69-108.
Sutcliffe, R. (1983). Common Dolphin in the River Clyde in Glasgow. Glasgow
Naturalist, 20: 372-373.
Dr. J.A. Gibson, Scottish Natural History Library,
Foremount House, K/LBARCHAN, Renfrewshire PA 10 2EZ.
1995
Notes on the Bumble-bees of the Cumbrae Islands
75
NOTES ON THE BUMBLE-BEES OF THE CUMBRAE
ISLANDS
By J.A. GIBSON
Buteshire Natural History Society
Introduction
For the past fifty years I have been making regular visits to both the Great and
Little Cumbrae islands. The main purpose of my visits has usually been to
investigate the vertebrates, and accounts have already been published of the
mammals (Gibson and Shillaker, 1974), breeding birds (Gibson, 1957 and 1969),
reptiles and amphibians (Gibson, 1976), plus an Atlas of all vertebrates (Gibson,
1980), but in addition I also published a short account of the butterflies seen
(Gibson, 1982).
For many years, however, I have also taken a considerable interest in bumble-
bees (Genus Bomhus ) and the closely-allied cuckoo-bees (Genus Psithyrus ), and
always kept notes about any bees I saw on the Cumbraes. To the best of my
knowledge, no separate account of the bees of the Cumbrae islands has previously
appeared, so I hope that these notes on distribution, collected casually over the
past fifty years and fairly intensively during the past fifteen years, will be of interest
to other observers.
In addition to these notes on the bees of the Cumbraes, I recently published an
account of the bumble-bees and cuckoo-bees of the neighbouring Buteshire islands
of Bute and Inchmarnock (Gibson, 1990a and 1990b). As far as I have been able
to discover, however, there are very few differences in the bee populations of these
two groups of adjacent Buteshire islands, which is probably what one would
expect.
Brief Description of the Islands
As far as the occurrence of bumble-bees on offshore islands is concerned, the
main points of interest are distance of the island from the mainland, size, and
vegetation/habitat. The Great Cumbrae measures some three miles north-south by
nearly two miles west-east, and covers over 5,000 acres. The south bay contains
the small town and popular holiday resort of Millport. The island rises to a
maximum height of 415 feet, with a sporting 18-hole golf course near the summit.
Most of the island is farmed, with areas of rough moorland with heather and
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Vol. 107
bracken on the higher ground. The Little Cumbrae, lying about three-quarters of a
mile to the south, is roughly triangular in shape, measures some one and three-
quarter miles by three-quarters of a mile, covers 723 acres, and rises to a height of
409 feet; it is uninhabited apart from the lighthouse (now converted to automatic)
on the west and the owner's house on the east. Most of the island is covered with
rough moorland vegetation of bracken and heather. The two islands lie in the Firth
of Clyde, with the Great Cumbrae some one and a half miles from the north
Ayrshire coast and the Little Cumbrae the same distance from the south end of the
Island of Bute.
Identification Method
Identification is fairly straightforward for several of the larger and more
common species of bees, but for the more unusual or smaller species I had to
devise some method to assist accurate field identification, which is not easy for
some species. The method I use for identification is to catch and imprison the bee
for a short time in a clear plastic cup with a lid. This makes close and detailed
examination easily possible, and identification, when immediately compared to a
suitable key, usually reliable. It also avoids any real harm to the bee or danger to
the observer. It makes good sense to take care when examining bees, since the
sting of some species can be surprisingly severe, particularly if one has been
previously stung and possibly sensitized.
For many years now I have been in the habit of carrying this small plastic cup
with me whenever I am out on fieldwork of any kind, and it has considerably
increased the information I have been able to gather on bee distribution. Without
this useful aid to identification I would unquestionably have been unable to identify
many of the smaller or more unusual bees with the degree of accuracy required,
and therefore many records would probably have been missed.
Identification Keys
The identification book I originally used was Edward Step's Bees, Wasps,
Ants and Allied Insects of the British Isles (1932), which as a boy I purchased
nearly sixty years ago, and still value, but within recent years I have used Dr. D.V
Alford's Bumblebees (1975), which has more detailed identification keys and
illustrations, and also has the advantage of up-to-date classification and
nomenclature. These two works have enabled me to identify nearly all the bees I
have found.
1995
Notes on the Bumble-bees of the Cumbrae Islands
77
Information on Distribution
The following notes on the distribution of bumble-bees on the Cumbraes are
entirely personal, but at least a start has been made, and needless to say, if any
other naturalists know of any additional published or unpublished records, I shall
be most grateful to have these drawn to my attention. It may be helpful to other
observers to emphasize the large number of records which occur in association
with brambles or thistles at shore-level, and with heather on the moors.
I do not believe that my list contains anything particularly unusual or very
different from the bees to be found on the neighbouring Ayrshire mainland.
Nevertheless, I consider it is always worth while recording what has been found on
two adjacent islands some one and a half miles offshore.
The islands of Great and Little Cumbrae occupy the major part of the Ordnance
Survey 10-kilometre square NS 15, which also contains small parts of the adjacent
Ayrshire mainland and the neighbouring Island of Bute To my personal notes I
have therefore added any additional records for square NS 15 given in the national
distribution Atlas, the Atlas of the Bumblebees of the British Isles (Alford,
1980), making an assumption that these NS 15 records presumably refer to the
Cumbraes, although without any other knowledge as to the origin of the records.
These instances are made clear in the text.
English Names
With regard to the English names of bees it is apparently the practice nowadays
not to use these in scientific work (Alford, 1975 and 1980), but sixty years ago, as
a boy just becoming interested in bees, I learned these names from Edward Step's
book and from the senior naturalists of my early days, so have continued to use
them ever since in day-to-day description. Even although these English names may
seem to be somewhat contrived, they have now been in use for generations and I
am sure that they are useful to the average naturalist, so the English names are also
included in the Systematic List.
The original English name for the Genus Bombus was Humble-Bee. This was
certainly the version commonly used up till the time of Step (1932), but by the
1940s the name Bumble-Bee appears to have been preferred, and has remained the
name in general use ever since.
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Systematic List
Most naturalists will be aware that there are two distinct types of bumble-bees,
the working species (Genus Bomhus ), i.e. the true bumble-bees, and the non-
working species (Genus Psithyrus ), the so-called cuckoo-bees because of their
inquiline habits. The cuckoo-bees depend for their existence on the true bumble-
bees, in whose nests they are reared.
In the following Systematic List the arrangement and nomenclature follow
Alford (1975).
Genus Bombus
BROKEN-BELTED BUMBLE-BEE Bombus soroeensis
Not common, with less than a dozen records during the past fifty years, all from
Little Cumbrae. No record from Great Cumbrae. Alford (1980) lists pre-1960
records for NS 15.
SMALL EARTH BUMBLE-BEE Bombus lucorum
One of the commonest species on Great Cumbrae; widely distributed, and in
numbers second only to hortorum ; found from gardens to the moors. Also
common on Little Cumbrae.
LARGE EARTH BUMBLE-BEE Bombus magnus
[At one time regarded as a variety of lucorum, but now considered to be a
separate species (Alford, 1975). I have no record from the Cumbraes, but Alford
(1980) gives a pre-1960 from NS 15].
BUFF-TAILED BUMBLE-BEE Bombus terrestris
Fairly common and widely distributed on Great Cumbrae, although in numbers
not nearly so common as pratorum or lucorum ; probably about one terrestris to
some twenty pratorum. Found more in the gardens and on lower ground; rare on
moorland, but a good many records from Little Cumbrae. Somewhat surprisingly,
Alford (1980) gives no record from NS 15.
HEATH BUMBLE-BEE Bombus jonel/us
Fairly well distributed over both islands, but virtually confined to the heather
moors, as one might expect from the English name. In numbers, much the same as
terrestris.
1995
Notes on the Bumble-bees of the Cumbrae Islands
79
EARLY BUMBLE-BEE Bombus pratorum
Fairly common and widely distributed on Great Cumbrae. Nor so common on
the moors, but a good many records for Little Cumbrae.
LARGE RED-TAILED BUMBLE-BEE Bombus lapidarius
Rare, but I have a few records extending back for nearly fifty years from both
islands. Virtually all records very close to the shore-line, and nearly all from
thistles. Pre-1960 records from NS 15 given by Alford (1980).
SMALL GARDEN BUMBLE-BEE Bombus hortorum
Abundant and widely distributed in all areas, from shore to moors. By far the
commonest species of bee on both islands.
MOSS CARDER-BEE Bombus muscorum
Small numbers, but fairly well distributed on both islands, mainly around the
coastal areas; less common on moorland.
COMMON CARDER-BEE Bombus pascuorum
Less common than muscorum, but records from both islands. Most often seen
in very warm weather, and not often found in very exposed situations. Pre-1960
records given for NS 1 5 by Alford ( 1 980).
Genus Psithyrus
GIPSY CUCKOO-BEE Psithyrus bohemicus
Fairly common and widely distributed on both islands. An inquiline of Bombus
lucorum , whose distribution it follows. Pre-1960 records from NS 15 given by
Alford (1980).
BARBUT'S CUCKOO-BEE Psithyrus barbutellus
Fairly common and widely distributed on both islands. An inquiline of Bombus
hortorum, the commonest bee on the Cumbraes, whose distribution it follows.
Pre-1960 records from NS 15 given by Alford (1980).
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Vol. 107
FIELD CUCKOO-BEE Psithyrus campestris
An inquiline of Bombus pascuorum. Alford (1975) says that this "is a relatively
common and widespread species", and lists it for NS 15 (1980), which probably
refers to the Cumbraes. I, however, have no personal record.
Summary
Possibly thirteen species of bumble-bees have been recorded for the Great and
Little Cumbrae, and I have seen eleven of these species myself By far the
commonest are hortonim and lucorum, followed by their inquilines bohemicus and
barbutellus, which together comprise the vast majority of the entire Cumbrae bee
population. In my limited experience the other species are all comparatively
uncommon or rare, but this, of course, may simply be because they are difficult to
identify or are inconspicuous, and indeed I strongly suspect I would never have
noticed some species at all had I not developed the routine habit of trapping and
examining any bee which seemed unusual.
It is hoped, therefore, that the publication of the above short species list may
stimulate others to add to the known information about the distribution of bees on
islands in the West of Scotland
References
Alford, D.V. (1975). Bumblebees. London: Davis-Poynter.
Alford, D.V. (Ed.) (1980). Atlas of the Bumblebees of the British Isles. London:
International Bee Research Association; and Huntingdon: Biological Records
Centre, Institute of Terrestrial Ecology.
Gibson, J.A. (1957). Notes on the birds of the Great Cumbrae. Glasgow Bird
Bulletin, 6: 5-6.
Gibson, J.A. (1969). Breeding birds of the Little Cumbrae. Transactions of the
Buteshire Natural History Society, 17: 109-1 14.
Gibson, J.A. (1976). The reptiles and amphibians of the Cumbraes and some other
Clyde islands. Transactions of the Buteshire Natural History Society, 20: 68-
70.
Gibson, J.A. (1980). An Atlas of Bute and Cumbrae Vertebrates. Rothesay:
Buteshire Natural History Society.
Gibson, J.A. (1982). Notes on the butterflies of the Cumbrae islands. Western
Naturalist, 11: 5-8.
1995
Notes on the Bumble-bees of the Cumbrae Islands
81
Gibson, J.A. (1990a). Collected notes on the bumble-bees of the Island of Bute.
Transactions of the Buteshire Natural History Society, 23: 47-50.
Gibson, J.A. (1990b). Notes on the cuckoo-bees of the Island of Bute.
Transactions of the Buteshire Natural History Society, 23: 51 .
Gibson, J.A. and Shillaker, R.O. (1974). Notes on the mammals of the Cumbrae
Islands. Western Naturalist, 3: 23-30.
Step, E. (1932). Bees, Wasps, Ants and Allied Insects of the British Isles. London:
Warne.
Dr. J.A. Gibson, Scottish Natural History Library,
Foremount House, KILBARCHAN, Renfrewshire PA 10 2EZ.
THE SCOTTISH NATURALIST
Founded 1871
A Journal of Scottish Natural History
With which is incorporated The Annals of Scottish Natural History
and The Western Naturalist
Record of Publication
The Scottish Naturalist and Journal of the Perthshire
Society of Natural Science
1871
The Scottish Naturalist
1872-1891
The Annals of Scottish Natural History
1892-1911
The Scottish Naturalist
1912-1939, 1948-1957, 1961-1964
The Western Naturalist
1972-1982
The Scottish Naturalist
1983-date
Published by The Scottish Natural History Library
THE SCOTTISH NATURALIST
Founded 1 871
A Journal of Scottish Natural History
With which is incorporated The Annals of Scottish Natural History
and The Western Naturalist
1 07th Year
1995
CONTENTS
1995 - Part 1
The New Statistical Account of Scotland, 1834-45:
Correct Publication Dates of the Parish Accounts
By Dr. J.A. Gibson 3-52
The Marine Fauna of the St. Kilda Archipelago
By Mr. J.R. Ellis, Mr. P S. Cadman, Dr. S.B. Piertney and
Mr. D.L. Geiger 53-70
Increase of the Lesser Rorqual in the Clyde Faunal Area
By Dr. J.A. Gibson 71-73
Notes on the Bumble-bees of the Cunibrae Islands
By Dr. J.A. Gibson 75-81
Published by The Scottish Natural History Library